Table 4.
Appropriateness of Antibiotic Use, Acceptance of Recommendations, and Outcomes of Patients who Received Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Guided by Voluntary or Compulsory CDSS and PRF Recommendations
| Characteristics | Voluntary CDSS (n = 455) | Compulsory CDSS (n = 416) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reviewed by PRF | 324 (71) | 293 (70) | .80 |
| Appropriate indication under PRF reviews | 259/324 (80) | 215/293 (73) | .05 |
| Appropriate dose | 443 (97) | 402 (97) | .52 |
| Appropriate duration | 424 (93) | 373 (90) | .06 |
| Recommendations | |||
| Received CDSS recommendations | 91 (20) | 412 (99) | <.01 |
| Received PRF recommendations | 41 (9) | 50 (12) | .15 |
| Outcomes | |||
| 30-d mortality | 85 (19) | 85 (20) | .52 |
| 30-d re-infection rate | 113 (25) | 106 (26) | .83 |
| 30-d re-admission rate | 85 (19) | 79 (19) | .91 |
| Clinical response at day 7 | 383 (84) | 344 (83) | .56 |
| Length of stay, median (IQR), d | 12 (4–41) | 12 (4–35) | .26 |
| 6-mo multidrug-resistant organisms | 91 (20) | 94 (23) | .35 |
| Diarrhea this admission | 59 (13) | 61 (15) | .47 |
| Index antibiotic days of therapy, median (IQR) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (3–5) | .23 |
| Index antibiotic days of therapy ≤3 | 213 (47) | 209 (50) | .31 |
| Gross hospitalization costs, median (IQR), S$ | 10 520 (5826–18 430) | 9671 (5734–17 576) | .43 |
Data are for the per-protocol population and are presented as No. (%), unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CDSS, computerized decision support system; IQR, interquartile range; PRF, prospective review and feedback.