Table 2.
The epilepsy characteristics, including neuroimaging and EEG findings of the sample population.
| Epilepsy variables | Number of participants (n = 153) | Children with uncontrolled seizure (n = 108) | Children with AED related adverse effects (n = 13) | Children with unrelated systemic adverse effects (n = 24) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline seizure frequency (mean, SD) (per year) | 5.63 ± 1.78 | 4.67 ± 1.23 | 5.10 ± 1.48 | 4.13 ± 1.17 |
| Abnormal EEG | 124(81 %) | 105(97 %) | 8(61 %) | 18 (77 %) |
| Abnormal MRI brain | 79(51 %) | 71(65 %) | 3(23 %) | 13 (54 %) |
| Focal seizure | 82(53 %) | 63(58 %) | 7(53 %) | 12 (50 %) |
| Generalized seizure | 87(56 %) | 56(52 %) | 8(61 %) | 13(54 %) |
| Both generalized and focal seizure | 16(10.5 %) | 11(10 %) | 2(15 %) | 1(4 %) |
| Myoclonic seizure | 8(5.2 %) | 7(6.4 %) | 5(38 %) | 1(4 %) |
| Atonic seizure | 6(3.9 %) | 5(4.6 %) | 4(30 %) | 1(4 %) |
| Absence seizure | 3(2 %) | 1(1 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Perinatal hypoxia sequelae | 37(24 %) | 32(29 %) | 7(53 %) | 9(37 %) |
| Traumatic brain injury sequelae | 6(3.9 %) | 4(3.7 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Meningoencephalitis sequelae | 13(8.4 %) | 11(10 %) | 2(15 %) | 2(8 %) |
| Neurocysticercosis | 28(18.3 %) | 15(13.8 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Focal cortical dysplasia | 5(3.2 %) | 5(4.6 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Lennox Gastaut syndrome | 14(9.1 %) | 13(12 %) | 4(30 %) | 4 (16 %) |
| West syndrome | 2(1.3 %) | 2(1.8 %) | 0 | 0 |
| BCECTS | 17(11 %) | 7(6.4 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Early/late onset childhood occipital epilepsy | 5(3.2 %) | 3(2.7 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Primary generalized epilepsy | 16(10.4 %) | 10(9.2 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Childhood/Juvenile absence epilepsy | 3(2 %) | 1(1 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy | 7(4.5 %) | 5(4.6 %) | 0 | 0 |