Table 3.
Characteristics of the propensity score matched directly admitted adult population (MTCs only) by mode of arrival: January 2012–March 2017
| Total | Mode of arrival | |||
| GEMS | HEMS | Total | P value | |
| 4636 | 4636 | 9272 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 3442 (74.3) | 3350 (72.3) | 6792 (73.37) | 0.031 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 47.2 (30–62.8) | 46.8 (30.7–62.7) | 47.2 (29.6–62.8) | 0.516 |
| Prehospital GCS, median (IQR) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (14–15) | 0.999 |
| Prehospital SBP, median (IQR) | 130 (115–147) | 130 (113–148) | 130 (114–147) | 0.999 |
| ISS | 16 (9–25) | 17 (9–26) | 16 (9–25) | 0.0001 |
| Prehospital O2sat, median (IQR) | 97 (95–99) | 98 (96–100) | 97 (95–99) | 0.0001 |
| Prehospital pulse rate, median (IQR) | 86 (73–101) | 85 (72–100) | 85 (72–100) | 0.004 |
| Prehospital resp rate, median (IQR) | 18 (16–22) | 19 (16–24) | 18 (16–23) | 0.073 |
| Time to arrival to hospital (min), median (IQR) | 23 (15–33) | 23 (16–31) | 25 (15–33) | 0.999 |
| Penetrating injury, n (%) | 273 (5.9) | 261 (5.6) | 534 (5.8) | 0.593 |
| MOI, n (%) | ||||
| Vehicle incident/collision | 2396 (51.7) | 2410 (52.0) | 4806 (51.8) | 0.006 |
| Fall from heights | 1034 (22.3) | 963 (20.8) | 1997 (21.5) | |
| Low fall | 487 (10.5) | 592 (12.8) | 1079 (11.6) | |
| Stabbing/shooting | 244 (5.3) | 226 (4.9) | 470 (5.1) | |
| Other | 475 (10.3) | 445 (9.6) | 920 (9.9) | |
| Prehospital intubation, n (%) | 232 (5.0) | 1043 (22.5) | 1275 (13.8) | <0.0001 |
| LOS in days, median (IQR) | 9 (5–18) | 9 (5–18) | 9 (5–18) | 0.999 |
| Neuro center on site, n (%) | 4471 (96.4) | 4475 (96.5) | 8946 (96.5) | 0.822 |
| Head injury AIS 3+, n (%) | 1465 (31.6) | 1452 (31.3) | 2917 (31.5) | 0.771 |
| Attendance at scene, n (%) | ||||
| Consultant, n (%) | 0 | 282 (6.1) | 22 (3.0) | <0.0001 |
| Doctor, n (%) | 0 | 2068 (44.6) | 2068 (22.3) | |
| Paramedic only, n (%) | 4104 (88.5) | 1813 (39.1) | 5917 (63.8) | |
| Mortality, n (%) | 448 (9.7) | 619 (13.4) | 1067 (11.5) | <0.0001 |
GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GEMS, ground emergency medical services; HEMS, helicopter emergency medical services; ISS, Injury Severity Score; MOI, mechanism of injury; MTCs, major trauma centers; SBP, systolic blood pressure.