Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research (CMERC) Cohort participants (n=10 103)
| Community-based population (n=8097) | ||||||
| Variables | Men (n=2808) | Women (n=5289) | ||||
| Controls (n=2004) |
Cases (n=804) |
P value | Controls (n=4336) |
Controls (n=953) |
P value | |
| Age, mean (SD) (n=8097) | 50.56 (9.60) | 51.16 (8.67) | 0.112 | 51.04 (8.52) | 55.16 (6.32) | <0.001 |
| Household income, KRW/year, N (%) (n=8097) | 0.225 | 0.305 | ||||
| <25 p (24M) | 536 (26.75) | 203 (25.25) | 843 (19.44) | 203 (21.30) | ||
| 25 p–50 p (48M) | 344 (17.17) | 118 (14.68) | 955 (22.02) | 228 (23.92) | ||
| 50 p–75 p (75.6M) | 611 (30.48) | 256 (31.84) | 1448 (33.40) | 291 (30.54) | ||
| ≥75 p | 503 (25.10) | 225 (27.99) | 1070 (24.68) | 227 (23.82) | ||
| N/A | 10 (0.50) | 2 (0.24) | 20 (0.46) | 4 (0.42) | ||
| Degree of education, N (%) (n=8097) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Primary or lower | 58 (2.89) | 20 (2.49) | 235 (5.42) | 104 (10.91) | ||
| Secondary | 779 (38.87) | 376 (46.77) | 2490 (57.43) | 638 (66.95) | ||
| Tertiary or higher | 1167 (58.24) | 408 (50.74) | 1611 (37.15) | 210 (22.04) | ||
| N/A | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.10) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, N (%) (n=8097) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 792 (39.52) | 247 (30.72) | 1648 (38.01) | 162 (17.00) | ||
| 1 | 579 (28.89) | 270 (33.58) | 1569 (36.19) | 321 (33.68) | ||
| 2 | 465 (23.20) | 196 (24.38) | 812 (18.73) | 302 (31.69) | ||
| 3 | 139 (6.94) | 78 (9.70) | 241 (5.56) | 113 (11.86) | ||
| ≥4 | 29 (1.45) | 13 (1.62) | 66 (1.51) | 55 (5.77) | ||
| BDI-II scores, mean (SD) (n=8095) | 8.76 (6.74) | 9.35 (6.82) | 0.036 | 11.20 (7.49) | 11.81 (8.10) | 0.033 |
| Social network properties | ||||||
| Size of social network, mean (SD) (n=8097) | 3.28 (1.76) | 3.07 (1.74) | 0.003 | 3.60 (1.62) | 3.27 (1.55) | <0.001 |
| Social network closeness, mean (SD) (n=8038) | 3.20 (0.61) | 3.20 (0.59) | 0.835 | 3.14 (0.61) | 3.10 (0.62) | 0.084 |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||||
| Physically activity in MET-hours, N (%) (n=8097) | 11.36 (13.48) | 9.90 (12.34) | 0.006 | 7.59 (9.82) | 6.62 (8.77) | 0.003 |
| Current smoker, N (%) (n=8097) | 647 (32.29) | 276 (34.33) | 0.319 | 122 (2.81) | 15 (1.57) | 0.039 |
| Current drinker, N (%) (n=8097) | 1684 (84.03) | 693 (86.19) | 0.168 | 2816 (65.17) | 559 (58.66) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome components | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) (n=8097) | 24.25 (2.52) | 27.15 (2.71) | <0.001 | 23.08 (2.75) | 25.95 (3.07) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD) (n=8096) | 85.12 (6.88) | 93.87 (6.66) | <0.001 | 77.79 (7.73) | 86.78 (7.16) | <0.001 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) (n=8095) | 122.21 (12.35) | 132.34 (13.99) | <0.001 | 113.56 (13.26) | 127.84 (15.59) | <0.001 |
| Mean diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) (n=8095) | 78.36 (8.95) | 85.67 (9.90) | <0.001 | 72.41 (8.60) | 80.10 (9.89) | <0.001 |
| Serum HDL, mean (SD) (n=8095) | 52.34 (12.05) | 43.71 (10.63) | <0.001 | 4335 (61.60) | 47.49 (10.10) | <0.001 |
| Serum TG, mean (SD) (n=8095) | 132.49 (92.13) | 233.37 (159.78) | <0.001 | 100.51 (48.87) | 185.58 (84.07) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD) (n=8095) | 94.93 (19.45) | 111.91 (28.86) | <0.001 | 98.03 (12.97) | 107.46 (28.49) | <0.001 |
| Hospital-based population (n=2006) | ||||||
| Variables | Men (n=1168) | Women (n=838) | ||||
| Controls (n=697) |
Cases (n=471) |
P value | Controls (n=473) |
Controls (n=365) |
P value | |
| Age, mean (SD) (n=2006) | 52.24 (8.42) | 52.84 (8.23) | 0.234 | 52.91 (8.23) | 54.49 (7.77) | 0.005 |
| Household income, KRW/year, N (%) (n=2006) | 0.732 | 0.251 | ||||
| <25 p (24M) | 126 (18.08) | 84 (17.83) | 65 (13.74) | 59 (16.16) | ||
| 25 p–50 p (48M) | 96 (13.77) | 65 (13.80) | 84 (17.76) | 56 (15.34) | ||
| 50 p–75 p (75.6M) | 175 (25.11) | 13 (21.87) | 104 (21.99) | 73 (20.00) | ||
| ≥75 p | 151 (21.66) | 109 (23.14) | 98 (20.72) | 63 (17.26) | ||
| N/A | 149 (21.38) | 110 (23.35) | 122 (25.79) | 114 (31.23) | ||
| Degree of education, N (%) (n=2006) | 0.607 | 0.012 | ||||
| Primary or lower | 34 (4.88) | 29 (6.16) | 56 (11.84) | 65 (17.81) | ||
| Secondary | 270 (38.73) | 168 (35.67) | 241 (50.95) | 198 (54.25) | ||
| Tertiary or higher | 391 (56.10) | 272 (57.75) | 175 (37.00) | 101 (27.67) | ||
| N/A | 2 (0.29) | 2 (0.42) | 1 (0.21) | 1 (0.27) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, N (%) (n=2006) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 79 (11.33) | 60 (12.74) | 42 (8.88) | 28 (7.67) | ||
| 1 | 126 (18.08) | 76 (16.13) | 94 (19.87) | 46 (12.60) | ||
| 2 | 234 (33.57) | 116 (24.63) | 186 (39.32) | 100 (27.40) | ||
| 3 | 135 (19.37) | 97 (20.59) | 89 (18.82) | 80 (21.92) | ||
| ≥4 | 123 (17.65) | 122 (25.90) | 62 (13.11) | 111 (30.41) | ||
| BDI-II scores, mean (SD) (n=1997) | 8.79 (7.33) | 9.66 (7.05) | 0.045 | 10.96 (8.58) | 11.97 (8.48) | 0.092 |
| Social network properties | ||||||
| Size of social network, mean (SD) (n=2005) | 2.10 (1.41) | 2.21 (1.46) | 0.211 | 2.58 (1.48) | 2.38 (1.28) | 0.037 |
| Social network closeness, mean (SD) (n=1939) | 3.47 (0.64) | 3.45 (0.66) | 0.470 | 3.48 (0.64) | 3.41 (0.67) | 0.133 |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||||
| Physically activity in MET-hours, N (%) (n=2006) | 9.95 (13.14) | 9.31 (13.09) | 0.414 | 6.54 (7.81) | 6.16 (8.97) | 0.517 |
| Current smoker, N (%) (n=2006) | 170 (24.39) | 153 (32.48) | 0.003 | 14 (2.96) | 13 (3.56) | 0.625 |
| Current drinker, N (%) (n=2006) | 456 (65.42) | 303 (64.33) | 0.701 | 200 (59.70) | 135 (40.30) | 0.120 |
| Metabolic syndrome components | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) (n=2006) | 24.33 (3.26) | 27.42 (3.47) | <0.001 | 23.07 (3.56) | 26.20 (3.97) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD) (n=2002) | 85.99 (8.12) | 94.56 (8.18) | <0.001 | 78.66 (9.47) | 88.30 (9.29) | <0.001 |
| Mean systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) (n=2004) | 124.64 (16.09) | 133.19 (17.11) | <0.001 | 118.64 (14.59) | 130.18 (15.97) | <0.001 |
| Mean diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) (n=2004) | 78.40 (10.21) | 82.20 (10.02) | <0.001 | 74.62 (9.75) | 78.93 (9.96) | <0.001 |
| Serum HDL, mean (SD) (n=1800) | 51.06 (12.60) | 40.27 (10.80) | <0.001 | 60.26 (19.25) | 46.82 (12.91) | <0.001 |
| Serum TG, mean (SD) (n=1830) | 97.06 (65.92) | 178.10 (163.13) | <0.001 | 86.89 (55.51) | 146.17 (93.12) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD) (n=1961) | 108.53 (29.12) | 125.73 (40.24) | <0.001 | 99.91 (22.10) | 120.18 (38.24) | <0.001 |
Significant values are in bold.
BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; KRW, Korean Won; MET, metabolic equivalent task; TG, triglyceride.