Table 2.
Gender-specific associations between social network properties and metabolic syndrome (n=10 103)*
| Gender | Social network properties | No. of people | No. (%) metabolic syndrome | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ | Model 4¶ |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Community-based low-risk participants (n=8097) | |||||||
| Men (n=2808) |
Size of social network | ||||||
| Large (≥4) | 1134 | 291 (25.66) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Small (≤3) | 1674 | 513 (30.65) | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.50) | 1.25 (1.05 to 1.48) | 1.23 (1.04 to 1.47) | 1.20 (1.01 to 1.43) | |
| Per 1-unit decrease | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11) | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.11) | |||
| Social network closeness | |||||||
| High (≥3.2) | 1373 | 376 (27.39) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Low (<3.2) | 1435 | 428 (29.83) | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.31) | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.30) | 1.08 (0.91 to 1.28) | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.27) | |
| Per 1-unit decrease | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.16) | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.15) | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.13) | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.13) | |||
| Women (n=5289) |
Size of social network | ||||||
| Large (≥4) | 2491 | 380 (15.25) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Small (≤3) | 2798 | 573 (20.48) | 1.35 (1.17 to 1.57) | 1.32 (1.14 to 1.53) | 1.28 (1.11 to 1.49) | 1.26 (1.09 to 1.46) | |
| Per 1-unit decrease | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.16) | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.15) | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.14) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | |||
| Social network closeness | |||||||
| High (≥3.2) | 2504 | 436 (17.41) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Low (<3.2) | 2785 | 517 (18.56) | 0.94 (0.81 to 1.08) | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.04) | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.05) | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.05) | |
| Per 1-unit decrease | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.08) | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.05) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.05) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.05) | |||
| Hospital-based high-risk participants (n=2006) | |||||||
| Men (n=1168) |
Size of social network | ||||||
| Large (≥4) | 183 | 75 (40.98) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Small (≤3) | 985 | 0.96 (0.70 to 1.33) | 0.98 (0.71 to 1.36) | 0.95 (0.69 to 1.32) | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.32) | ||
| Per 1-unit decrease | 0.95 (0.87 to 1.03) | 0.85 (0.87 to 1.03) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.02) | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.02) | |||
| Social network closeness | |||||||
| High (≥3.2) | 725 | 292 (40.28) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Low (<3.2) | 443 | 179 (40.41) | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.27) | 1.02 (0.80 to 1.30) | 0.95 (0.74 to 1.22) | 0.94 (0.73 to 1.21) | |
| Per 1-unit decrease | 1.04 (0.87 to 1.24) | 1.06 (0.88 to 1.27) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.20) | 0.98 (0.81 to 1.19) | |||
| Women (n=838) |
Size of social network | ||||||
| Large (≥4) | 167 | 60 (35.93) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Small (≤3) | 671 | 305 (45.45) | 1.45 (1.02 to 2.07) | 1.40 (0.97 to 2.00) | 1.47 (1.01 to 2.13) | 1.46 (1.00 to 2.12) | |
| Per 1-unit decrease | 1.10 (0.99 to 1.21) | 1.08 (0.97 to 1.19) | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.20) | |||
| Social network closeness | |||||||
| High (≥3.2) | 542 | 226 (41.70) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Low (<3.2) | 296 | 139 (46.96) | 1.16 (0.87 to 1.54) | 1.16 (0.86 to 1.56) | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.44) | 1.06 (0.78 to 1.44) | |
| Per 1-unit decrease | 1.11 (0.90 to 1.37) | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.39) | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.31) | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.31) | |||
Significant values are in bold.
*All results are from the dataset after multiple imputation by chained equations, with a chain length of 10.
†Adjusted for age.
‡Adjusted for age, household income and education.
§Adjusted for age, household income, education and comorbidities.
¶Adjusted for age, household income, education, comorbidities, drinking status, smoking status and physical activity.