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. 2020 Jul 18;67(3):354–361. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.018

Table 3.

Percentage of substance using adolescents and mean number of substance using days across social context

Social context of substance use %(n) of users
%(n) of users based on substance used
Total Females Males Gender difference,X2, p Alcohol Binge drinking Cannabis Vaping
Endorsement of individual items
 With friends via technology 31.6 (134) 32.4 (101) 29.4 (30) .31, .58 77.6 (104) 38.8 (52) 46.3 (62) 46.3 (62)
 With friends face-to-face 23.6 (100) 21.5 (67) 31.4 (32) 4.14, .04 67.0 (67) 29.0 (29) 55.0 (55) 39.0 (39)
 Alone 49.3 (209) 46.2 (144) 57.8 (59) 4.20, .04 67.0 (140) 31.6 (66) 48.3 (101) 43.1 (90)
 With parents 42.0 (178) 46.5 (145) 30.4 (31) 8.14, .00 93.3 (166) 25.8 (46) 19.1 (34) 14.6 (26)
 Sent substance use posts to peers 36.2 (157) 40.4 (130) 23.5 (25) 9.45, .00 78.3 (119) 37.5 (57) 39.5 (60) 38.2 (58)
Categories of adolescents M number of days used (SD)
 With friends only 13.4 (57) 12.5 (39) 15.7 (16) .68, .41 1.05 (1.34)a,b .21 (1.10)a 2.86 (6.06)a 2.79 (6.67)
 Alone only 20.8 (88) 17.3 (54) 28.4 (29) 5.93, .02 1.59 (2.65)c .52 (1.45)b 2.06 (4.61)b 3.15 (6.26)a
 With parents only 27.8 (118) 31.3 (97) 18.6 (19) 5.92, .02 2.18 (2.14)a,d .36 (1.08)c .69 (3.05)a,c .62 (3.09)a,b
 In multiple contexts 38.0 (161) 39.1 (122) 37.3 (38) .11, .74 3.38 (3.38)b,c,d 1.48 (2.71)a,b,c 4.55 (6.57)b,c 5.33 (7.89)b

Total n of substance users = 424, n substance-using girls = 312, n substance-using boys = 102; Bolded percentages note significant gender differences as identified by X2 tests of independence; Means in the same column that are denoted by the same subscript are significantly different from one another (p < .05) as indicated by a Tukey's HSD post hoc test in a multivariate ANOVA.

ANOVA = analysis of variance; SD = standard deviation.