Table 2.
Hierarchical mixed-effects logistic regression model odds ratios of at least four ANC visit among women in the reproductive age (15–49 years) who had at least a live birth, 5 years preceding the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey
| Covariate | Categories |
Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at First Marriage/ cohabitation | < 18 | Ref | |
| ≥18 | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 0.199 | |
| Place of Delivery | Health Facility | Ref | |
| Non- health Facility | 0.54 (0.48–0.61) | < 0.0001 | |
| Maternal Education | No Education | Ref | |
| Primary | 1.07 (0.89–1.30) | 0.463 | |
| Secondary | 1.33 (1.06–1.67) | 0.015 | |
| Tertiary | 3.00 (2.29–3.93) | 0.0001 | |
| Birth Order | ≤4 | Ref | |
| ≥5 | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | 0.027 | |
| Marital Status | Married | Ref | |
| Never Married/ Divorced/ Widowed /Separated | 0.83 (0.75–0.93) | 0.001 | |
| Wealth Quintile | Lowest | Ref | |
| Second | 1.19 (1.04–1.36) | 0.013 | |
| Middle | 1.34 (1.14–1.58) | < 0.0001 | |
| Fourth | 1.45 (1.22–1.72) | < 0.0001 | |
| Highest | 2.06 (1.60–2.65) | < 0.0001 | |
| Random Effect | Variance | Std. error | |
| County | 0.20 (0.11–0.36) | 0.0611 | |
| Intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) | 0.09 (0.06–0.13) | ||