Table 1.
Socio-demographic, obstetric and neonatal characteristics of preterm and non-preterm babies
| Variables | Preterm (n = 5964) |
Non-Preterm (n = 54,778) |
Total (n = 60,742) |
p-value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age of mother | 23.53 ± 4.7 | 23.96 ± 4.33 | |||
| 20- < 35 years | 4640 (77.8%) | 46,077 (84.1%) | 50,717 (83.5%) | < 0.001 | Ref |
| < 20 years | 1116 (18.7%) | 7322 (13.4%) | 8438 (13.9%) | < 0.001 | 1.51 (1.41–1.62) |
| > 35 years | 208 (3.5%) | 1379 (2.5%) | 1587 (2.6%) | < 0.001 | 1.50 (1.29–1.74) |
| Level of education (n = 50,424) | |||||
| Secondary and above | 2587 (60.3%) | 31,743 (68.8%) | 34,330 (68.1%) | < 0.001 | Ref |
| Illiterate | 352 (8.2%) | 2186 (4.7%) | 2538 (5.0%) | < 0.001 | 1.98 (1.75–2.23) |
| Literate | 572 (13.3%) | 4763 (10.3%) | 5335 (10.6%) | < 0.001 | 1.47 (1.34–1.62) |
| Basic education | 776 (18.1%) | 7445 (16.1%) | 8221 (16.3%) | < 0.001 | 1.28 (1.18–1.39) |
| Smoking (n = 50,422) | |||||
| No | 3664 (85.5%) | 41,071 (89.0%) | 44,735 (88.7%) | Ref | |
| Yes | 622 (14.5%) | 5065 (11.0%) | 5687 (11.3%) | < 0.001 | 1.38 (1.26–1.51) |
| Type of fuel (n = 50,209) | |||||
| Clean | 2886 (67.6%) | 34,628 (75.4%) | 37,514 (74.7%) | Ref | |
| Polluted | 1384 (32.4%) | 11,311 (24.6%) | 12,695 (25.3%) | < 0.001 | 1.47 (1.37–1.57) |
| Sex of the baby | |||||
| Boy | 2962 (49.7%) | 29,788 (54.4%) | 32,570 (53.9%) | Ref | |
| Girl | 3002 (50.3%) | 24,990 (45.6%) | 27,992 (46.1%) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.15–1.27) |
| Multiple delivery | |||||
| No | 5786 (97.0%) | 54,576 (99.6%) | 60,362 (99.4%) | Ref | |
| Yes | 178 (3.0%) | 202 (0.4%) | 380 (0.6%) | < 0.001 | 8.31 (6.78–10.19) |
| Parity | |||||
| Multipara | 1084 (18.2%) | 9325 (17.0%) | 10,409 (17.1%) | < 0.001 | Ref |
| Nullipara | 3168 (53.1%) | 26,647 (48.6%) | 29,815 (49.1%) | 0.55 | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) |
| Primipara | 1712 (28.7%) | 18,806 (34.3%) | 20,518 (33.8%) | < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.72–0.85) |
| ANC visit during pregnancy (n = 49,898) | |||||
| < 4 visits | 1362 (32.2%) | 10,199 (22.3%) | 11,561 (23.2%) | < 0.001 | 1.65 (1.54–1.77) |
| ≥ 4 visits | 2867 (67.8%) | 35,470 (77.7%) | 38,337 (76.8%) | Ref | |
| Time of first ANC visit (n = 49,898) | |||||
| First trimester | 1537 (36.3%) | 19,316 (42.3%) | 20,853 (41.8%) | < 0.001 | Ref |
| Second trimester | 1818 (43.0%) | 19,105 (41.8%) | 20,923 (41.9%) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (1.11–1.28) |
| Third trimester | 874 (20.7%) | 7248 (15.9%) | 8122 (16.3%) | < 0.001 | 1.52 (1.39–1.65) |
| Major malformation | |||||
| No | 5953 (99.8%) | 54,742 (99.9%) | 60,695 (99.9%) | Ref | |
| Yes | 11 (0.2%) | 36 (0.1%) | 47 (0.1%) | 0.003 | 2.81 (1.43–5.52) |
| Severe anaemia during pregnancy | |||||
| No | 5915 (99.2%) | 54,642 (99.8%) | 60,557 (99.7%) | Ref | |
| Yes | 49 (0.8%) | 136 (0.2%) | 185 (0.3%) | < 0.001 | 3.33 (2.40–4.62) |
| Outcome (n = 60,062) | |||||
| Pre-discharge mortality | 460 (50.1%) | 459 (49.9%) | 919 (1.5%) | < 0.001 | 10.60 (9.28–12.10) |