Table 1.
Age-adjusted characteristics of participants in the Health Professionals Follow up Study by categories of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MET-hours/week) after MI (N=1651).
| ≤ 1.5 (N=280) | 1.6–7.4 (N=243) | 7.5–20.9 (N=415) | ≥ 21 (N=713) | p-value‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Variables | Mean (Standard Deviation) or Median (Interquartile Range) | ||||
| Mod to vig PA (MET-hrs/week) | 0 (0−0) | 4.3 (2.5−5.8) | 12.7 (10−16) | 40.0 (28.0−59.0) | <0.001 |
| Mod to vig PA (hrs/week) | 0 (0−0) | 1.0 (0.5−1.2) | 2.5 (2.1−3.5) | 8.2 (6.0−11.5) | <0.001 |
| Total PA (hrs/week) | 1.0 (0−2.7) | 2.0 (1.0−3.5) | 4.0 (2.7−5.7) | 9.2 (6.5−13.5) | <0.001 |
| Total PA (MET-hours/week) | 3.0 (0−8.0) | 7.2 (4.5−12.5) | 16.9 (13.0−22.5) | 43.4 (31.0−63.5) | <0.001 |
| Age at diagnosis* | 66.9 (9.9) | 66.1 (9.2) | 64.8 (8.5) | 64.5 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.4 (3.8) | 26.4 (3.9) | 26.3 (3.5) | 25.7 (3.5) | 0.01 |
| Alternate Healthy Eating Index score | 56 (11) | 57 (13) | 59 (12) | 62 (12) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 8.1 (13.2) | 10.6 (15.3) | 10.8 (14.0) | 10.5 (14.0) | 0.03 |
| Categorical variables | % | % | % | % | |
| White race | 90 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 0.84 |
| Married | 72 | 76 | 80 | 82 | <0.001 |
| Family history of MI | 40 | 44 | 44 | 42 | 0.99 |
| Family history of Diabetes | 26 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 0.68 |
| Family history of cancer | 34 | 33 | 32 | 36 | 0.59 |
| Types of physical activity | |||||
| Walking ≥ 1 hr/week | 54 | 67 | 75 | 78 | <0.001 |
| Running ≥ 1 hr/week | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 5 | 0.002 |
| Jogging and rowing ≥ 1 hr/week | 0 | 4 | 21 | 36 | <0.001 |
| Biking and swimming ≥ 1 hr/week | 0 | 14 | 34 | 35 | <0.001 |
| Racquet sports ≥ 1 hr/week | 0 | 1 | 4 | 11 | <0.001 |
| Mod-heavy outdoor work ≥ 1 hr/week | 0 | 15 | 40 | 61 | <0.001 |
| Weight training ≥ 1 hr/week | 0.4 | 2 | 12 | 27 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never smoker | 36 | 40 | 37 | 40 | 0.41 |
| Former smoker | 58 | 53 | 60 | 58 | 0.62 |
| Current smoker | 7 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Diabetes | 22 | 13 | 14 | 11 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 59 | 53 | 55 | 54 | 0.43 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 63 | 65 | 67 | 70 | 0.02 |
| Medication use | |||||
| Aspirin | 75 | 80 | 82 | 86 | <0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensives | 80 | 80 | 83 | 78 | 0.67 |
| Anti-hypercholesterolemia | 50 | 54 | 63 | 68 | <0.001 |
| Heart Failure during hospital admission | 11 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 0.01 |
| ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction | 65 | 60 | 58 | 62 | 0.74† |
| Abnormal Ejection Fraction | 45 | 36 | 33 | 33 | 0.01† |
| Peak cardiac enzymes > median | 79 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 0.53† |
| Cancer after MI | 7 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 0.35 |
| Stroke after MI | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0.11 |
*
Not age adjusted; PA: Physical Activity; Mod to vig: Moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity; Racquet sports included tennis, squash, and racquetball. Peak cardiac enzymes include peak troponin or CKMB levels. Variables were assessed on average 34 months post-MI diagnosis.
†
based on valid data for 1191 (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction), 996 (abnormal ejection fraction), and 634 (peak cardiac enzymes) participants.
‡
p-value for linear trends.