Table 1.
Clinical and demographic data comparing the group with rheumatologic disease using bDMARDs and the control group.
| bDMARD (N = 168) | Control (N = 56) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean. ± SD)# | 50.68 (12.86) | 48.47 (16.85) | 0.314 | |
| Sex—N (%) | ||||
| Female | 113 (67) | 29 (52) | 0.055 | |
| Male | 55 (33) | 27 (48) | ||
| Comorbidities—N (%) | 134 (80) | 32 (57) | 0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 65 (39) | 14 (25) | 0.231 | |
| Diabetes | 24 (14) | 9 (16) | 0.359 | |
| Psoriasis | 18 (11) | 0 (0) | 0.026 | |
| Respiratory disease | 20 (12) | 3 (5) | 0.405 | |
| Smoking | 6 (4) | 7 (13) | 0.002 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 11 (6.5) | 5 (9) | 0.341 | |
| Renal disease | 4 (2) | 2 (4) | 0.610 | |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 7 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.190 | |
| Rheumatologic diagnosis—N (%) | ||||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 94 (56) | — | — | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 44 (26) | — | — | |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 18 (11) | — | — | |
| Spondyloarthritis | 8 (5) | — | — | |
| Psoriasis | 2 (1) | — | — | |
| Uveitis/Behçet disease | 2 (1) | — | — | |
| bDMARD—N (%) | 168 (100) | — | — | |
| Anti-TNFc∗ | 116 (69) | — | — | |
| Others∗∗ | 52 (31) | — | — | |
| sDMARD—N (%) | 71 (42) | — | — | |
| Methotrexate | 49 (29) | — | — | |
| Leflunomide | 17 (10) | — | — | |
| Sulfasalazine | 5 (3) | — | — | |
| Prednisone | 49 (29) | — | — | |
| CHIK symptoms | 51 (30) | 21 (37) | 0.397 | |
| Musculoskeletal symptoms | ||||
| <3 months | 36 (21) | 12 (21) | 0.222 | |
| >3 months | 15 (9) | 9 (16) | ||
| Pain pattern | ||||
| Persistent | 21 (13) | 8 (14) | 0.835 | |
| Polyarticular | 38 (22) | 14 (25) | 0.510 | |
| Anti-CHIKV IgG | ||||
| Positive | 42 (25) | 15 (27) | 0.79 | |
| Negative | 126 (75) | 41 (73) | ||
TNF: tumor necrosis factor; bDMARD: biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. #t-test; ∗infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, or certolizumab; ∗∗abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, or secukinumab.