Table 2.
Resistance profile and biofilm production of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from oropharynx of Rupornis magnirostris and Caracara plancus.
| Animals | Bacteria identifications | Inhibition zone (mm) | Approximation test | Hodge test | Resistance profile | Biofilm production | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAZ | CTX | CPD | ATM | IMP | MEM | Congo red | Crystal violet | |||||
| Rupornis magnirostris 1 | Salmonella spp. | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | + | Moderate |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | + | Weak | |
| Shigella spp. | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | − | Nonproducer | |
| Proteus mirabilis | R | R | R | R | NP | S | + | − | ESBL | − | Nonproducer | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Rupornis magnirostris 2 | Klebsiella pneumoniae | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | + | Moderate |
| Escherichia coli | R | R | R | R | S | S | + | − | ESBL | − | Nonproducer | |
| Salmonella spp. | R | R | R | R | S | S | + | − | Third-generation cephalosporins | + | Moderate | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Rupornis magnirostris 3 | Salmonella spp. | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | + | Moderate |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | R | R | R | R | R | R | − | + | KPC | + | Moderate | |
| Escherichia coli | R | R | R | R | R | R | − | + | KPC | − | Nonproducer | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Rupornis magnirostris 4 | Escherichia coli | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | − | Nonproducer |
| Salmonella spp. | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | + | Moderate | |
| Proteus mirabilis | S | S | S | S | NP | S | NP | NP | NR | − | Nonproducer | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Rupornis magnirostris 5 | Salmonella spp. | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | + | Moderate |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | + | Moderate | |
| Proteus mirabilis | R | R | R | R | NP | S | + | − | ESBL | − | Nonproducer | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Rupornis magnirostris 6 | Shigella spp. | R | R | R | R | S | S | + | − | ESBL | + | Moderate |
| Salmonella spp. | R | R | R | R | S | S | + | − | Third-generation cephalosporins | + | Moderate | |
| Escherichia coli | R | R | R | R | S | S | + | − | ESBL | + | Moderate | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Caracara plancus 2 | Salmonella spp. | R | R | R | R | S | S | + | − | Third-generation cephalosporins | + | Moderate |
| Escherichia coli | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | − | Nonproducer | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Caracara plancus 4 | Klebsiella oxytoca | R | R | R | R | S | S | + | − | ESBL | − | Nonproducer |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | R | R | R | R | S | S | + | − | ESBL | + | Weak | |
| Proteus mirabilis | S | S | S | S | NP | S | NP | NP | NR | + | Weak | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Caracara plancus 5 | Shigella spp. | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | − | Nonproducer |
| Escherichia coli | R | R | R | R | S | S | + | − | ESBL | − | Nonproducer | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | S | S | S | S | S | S | NP | NP | NR | + | Weak | |
S: sensible; R: resistant; NR: no resistance; NP: not performed; CAZ: ceftazidime; CTX: cefoxitin; CPD: cefpodoxime; ATM: aztreonam; IMP: imipenem; MEM: meropenem; ESBL: extended-spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL-) producing Enterobacteriaceae; and KPC: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase.