Table 2.
Association of sociodemographic details and anthropometry and blood parameters with frailty status.
| Parameter | Pooled (n = 163) | Nonfrail (n = 130) | Frail (n = 33) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||
| 60–65 | 90 | 79 (87.8%) | 11 (12.2%) | 0.005 |
| ≥66 | 73 | 51 (69.9%) | 22 (30.1%) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Men | 89 | 80 (89.9%) | 9 (10.1%) | <0.001 |
| Women | 74 | 50 (67.6%) | 24 (32.4%) | |
| Food habits | ||||
| Vegetarian | 45 | 32 (71.1%) | 13 (28.8%) | 0.426 |
| Mixed diet | 118 | 91 (77.1%) | 27 (22.9%) | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Earning | 47 | 44 (93.6%) | 3 (6.4%) | <0.001 |
| Nonearning | 41 | 24 (58.5%) | 17 (41.5%) | |
| Education | ||||
| Uneducated | 7 | 4 (57.1%) | 3 (42.9%) | <0.001 |
| 1–8 standard | 20 | 9 (45.0%) | 11 (55.0%) | |
| 9–12 standard | 30 | 26 (86.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | |
| Graduation and above | 31 | 29 (93.5%) | 2 (6.5%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| <18.5 | 5 | 3 (60.0%) | 2 (40.0%) | 0.300 |
| 18.5–23 | 39 | 29 (74.4%) | 10 (25.6%) | |
| ≥23 | 119 | 98 (82.4%) | 21 (17.6%) | |
| WC, cm | ||||
| Normal | 29 | 20 (69.0%) | 9 (31.0%) | 0.279 |
| Abdominal obesity | 94 | 74 (78.7%) | 20 (21.3%) | |
| WHR | ||||
| Normal | 6 | 3 (50.0%) | 3 (50.0%) | 0.118 |
| Central obesity | 117 | 91 (77.8%) | 26 (22.2%) | |
| Hypertension (HTN), mmHg | ||||
| Normal (SBP <140, DBP <90) | 114 | 93 (81.6%) | 21 (18.4%) | 0.377 |
| HTN (SBP ≥140, DBP ≥90) | 49 | 37 (75.5%) | 12 (24.5%) | |
| FBG, mg/dl | ||||
| <110 | 83 | 68 (81.9%) | 15 (18.1%) | 0.619 |
| 110–125 | 32 | 26 (81.3%) | 6 (18.8%) | |
| ≥126 | 48 | 36 (75.0%) | 12 (25.0%) | |
| TC, mg/dl | ||||
| <200 | 113 | 88 (77.9%) | 25 (22.1%) | 0.370 |
| ≥200 | 50 | 42 (84.0%) | 8 (16.0%) | |
| TG, mg/dl | ||||
| <150 | 130 | 102 (78.5%) | 28 (21.5%) | 0.415 |
| ≥150 | 33 | 28 (84.8%) | 5 (15.2%) | |
| HDL, mg/dl | ||||
| Male: <40; female: <50 | 97 | 77 (79.4%) | 20 (20.6%) | 0.886 |
| Male: ≥40; female: ≥50 | 66 | 53 (80.3%) | 13 (19.7%) | |
| LDL, mg/dl | ||||
| <130 | 131 | 102 (77.9%) | 29 (22.1%) | 0.224 |
| ≥130 | 32 | 28 (87.5%) | 4 (12.5%) | |
| Hb, g/dl | ||||
| Male: <13; female: <12 | 30 | 23 (76.7%) | 7 (23.3%) | 0.497 |
| Male: ≥13; female: ≥12 | 113 | 93 (82.3%) | 20 (17.7%) | |
| HbA1c (%) | ||||
| <6.5 | 94 | 74 (78.7%) | 20 (21.3%) | 0.295 |
| ≥6.5 | 69 | 55 (79.7%) | 14 (20.3%) | |
| UACR, mg/g | ||||
| <30 | 77 | 63 (81.8%) | 14 (18.2%) | 0.097 |
| 30–300 | 29 | 18 (62.1%) | 11 (37.9%) | |
| ≥300 | 3 | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 62 | 46 (74.2%) | 16 (25.8%) | 0.639 |
| No | 63 | 49 (77.8%) | 14 (22.2%) | |
| Cataract | ||||
| Yes | 37 | 26 (70.3%) | 11 (29.7%) | 0.277 |
| No | 87 | 69 (79.3%) | 18 (20.7%) | |
| Osteoarthritis | ||||
| Yes | 36 | 24 (66.7%) | 12 (33.3%) | 0.094 |
| No | 88 | 71 (80.7%) | 17 (19.3%) | |
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; HTN: hypertension; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; Hb: haemoglobin; HbA1c: glycosylated haemoglobin; UACR: urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Values represent percentages (%). P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.