Table 2.

Some examples of nanomedicines under clinical trials.

Nanocarrier	Active principle	Disease	Patients and clinical phase	Main Results	Ref.
PEGylated liposomes	Prednisolone	Illio-femoral atherosclerosis	14 patients, mean age 70 years (± 7 years)	•the treatment did not reduce arterial wall permeability or inflammation •prolonged circulation half-life of prednisolone	[150]
PEGylated liposomes	Prednisolone	Moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis	18 patients (iv administration)	•54 weeks after initiation of treatment only 4 patients out of 13 in remission	[155]
Liposome	Cyclosporine (lipogel or cream)	Chronic plaque psoriasis	38 patients (receiving cyclosporine lipogel or conventional cyclosporine cream or placebo	•14 weeks after initiation of treatment, complete clearance was observed in lesion sites in 41% patients treated with cyclosporine lipogel and none for patients treated with cyclosporine cream or placebo gel	[156]
Glutatione-PEGylated liposomes	Methyl prednisolone	–	Assessment of safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics	•slow release formulation with reduced toxicity and prolonged decrease in the lymphocyte count	[171]
PLGA	Pitavastatine	Healthy volunteers	40 patients, Phase I, iv administration	•well tolerated •no significant adverse response	[158]
Nanoemulsion (oil in water emulsion)	Tretinoin	Acnee vulgaris	10 patients with mild to moderate acnee vulgaris lesions	•clinical safety of the formulation in humans	[159]
PEGylated silica -gold nanoshells	Photothermolysis (ultrasound 10 sec to 10 W/cm2)	Acnee vulgaris	37 patients	•efficacy in inducing photothermal disruption of acne vulgaris	[172]