Table 4.
PM percent elemental mass composition by particle size determined using XRF.
| Bullet type | PM Size Range (μm) | Cu | Pb | K | Sb | Zn | Bi | OC | EC | Oestb | Trace elements | Balancec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M855 | 0.14–0.27 | 16.8 | 12.8 | 1.5 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 7.1 | 12.1 | 7.3 | 33.4 | ||
| 0.27–0.37 | 20.5 | 12.9 | 0.8 | 4.9 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 10.5 | 3.5 | 39.3 | |||
| 0.37–0.63 | 33.4 | 14.3 | 0.8 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 14.5 | 4.0 | 19.9 | |||
| 0.63–0.94 | 36.8 | 11.9 | 0.7 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 14.2 | 3.1 | 22.1 | |||
| 0.94–1.55 | 38.8 | 8.5 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 14.0 | 3.2 | 25.5 | |||
| 1.55–2.4 | 42.4 | 6.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 4.6 | 15.0 | 4.3 | 21.9 | |||
| PM2.5 | 34.5 | 14.8 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 14.5 | 3.9 | 16.5 | |||
| PM10 | 36.7 | 12.7 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 11.7 | 2.4 | 14.2 | 3.1 | 5.8 | |
| M855 Salted | 0.27–0.37 | 20.8 | 14.8 | 14.7 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 5.1 | 16.8 | 8.6 | 11.9 | ||
| 0.37–0.63a | ||||||||||||
| 0.63–0.94 | 27.0 | 9.9 | 5.7 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 12.3 | 3.4 | 34.4 | |||
| 0.94–1.55 | 30.6 | 8.9 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 13.3 | 4.6 | 30.7 | |||
| 1.55–2.4 | 25.5 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 12.4 | 6.8 | 40.0 | |||
| PM2.5 | 22.5 | 8.7 | 12.1 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 11.7 | 2.4 | 34.6 | |||
| PM10 | 23.5 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 10.6 | 1.8 | 40.3 | |||
| Legacy | PM2.5 | 38.5 | 15.8 | 0.3 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 0.3 | 17.1 | 6.5 | 11.9 | ||
| PM10 | 37.0 | 12.7 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 4.9 | 0.2 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 15.3 | 5.1 | 10.3 | |
a
The gravimetric mass was less than the sum of the elements detected by XRF, which may have occurred due to contamination deposited on the filter after gravimetric determination but before XRF analysis.
b
Oxygen estimated by assuming most common metal oxide form as described in Reff et al., 2009) (Reff et al., 2009).
c
Mass unable to be analyzed by XRF comprised of atomic number less than 12.