Table 5.
Univariable and multivariable meta-regression models for proportion measures of herpes simplex virus type 1 virus isolation in clinically diagnosed genital herpes in Europe
| Outcome measure | Sample | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||||
| Model 1* | Model 2† | |||||||||
| Total n | Total N | RR (95% CI) | P value | LR test p value | Adjusted R2 (%) | ARR (95% CI) | P value | ARR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||
| <20 | 3 | 157 | 1.00 | – | 0.394 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| 20–30 | 6 | 643 | 0.71 (0.29 to 1.71) | 0.447 | – | – | – | – | ||
| 30–40 | 2 | 102 | 0.78 (0.25 to 2.44) | 0.675 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Mixed | 151 | 40 179 | 0.58 (0.28 to 1.21) | 0.147 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Women | 62 | 4933 | 1.00 | – | 0.001 | 11.27 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Men | 56 | 3578 | 0.63 (0.50 to 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.62 (0.50 to 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.61 (0.49 to 0.75) | <0.001 | ||
| Mixed | 44 | 32 570 | 0.63 (0.65 to 1.02) | 0.074 | 0.81 (0.65 to 1.00) | 0.061 | 0.81 (0.66 to 1.01) | 0.067 | ||
| Genital herpes episode status | ||||||||||
| First episode genital herpes | 13 | 1366 | 1.00 | – | <0.001 | 12.19 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Recurrent genital herpes | 11 | 893 | 0.27 (0.17 to 0.47) | <0.001 | 0.29 (0.49 to 0.93) | 0.016 | 0.27 (0.17 to 0.44) | <0.001 | ||
| Unspecified status | 138 | 38 822 | 0.68 (0.49 to 0.95) | 0.026 | 0.67 (0.49 to 0.92) | 0.016 | 0.66 (0.48 to 0.89) | 0.008 | ||
| European subregion/country | ||||||||||
| Northern Europe | 131 | 38 843 | 1.00 | – | 0.397 | 0.61 | – | – | – | – |
| Eastern Europe | 2 | 100 | 1.44 (0.59 to 3.46) | 0.417 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Southern Europe | 8 | 286 | 0.79 (0.44 to 1.40) | 0.424 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Western Europe | 5 | 462 | 0.63 (0.34 to 1.13) | 0.119 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Israel | 4 | 605 | 1.38 (0.74 to 2.60) | 0.304 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Mixed subregions | 12 | 785 | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.34) | 0.600 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Sample sizec‡ | ||||||||||
| <100 | 56 | 3905 | 1.00 | – | 0.591 | 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| ≥100 | 106 | 37 176 | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.32) | 0.591 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Year of publication range | ||||||||||
| <2000 | 74 | 5072 | 1.00 | – | 0.021 | 3.95 | 1.00 | – | – | – |
| 2000–2010 | 53 | 8727 | 0.86 (0.68 to 1.08) | 0.193 | 0.94 (0.76 to 1.16) | 0.555 | – | – | ||
| >2010 | 35 | 27 282 | 1.26 (0.98 to 1.63) | 0.070 | 1.26 (1.00 to 1.58) | 0.049 | – | – | ||
| Year of publication | 162 | 41 081 | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 0.043 | 0.043 | 2.57 | – | – | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 0.014 |
*Variance explained by the final multivariable model 1 (adjusted R2)=26.10%.
†Variance explained by the final multivariable model 2 (adjusted R2)=28.38%.
‡Sample size denotes the sample size of the study population found in the original publication.
ARR, adjusted risk ratio; HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1; RR, risk ratio.