Table 2.
Intra-Operative Data
| Variable | Total (n=117) | Non-Cryoablation (n=92) | Cryoablation (n=25) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence | 0.83 | |||
| First Cardiovascular Surgery | 30 (26) | 25 (27) | 5 (20) | 0.47 |
| First Re-op Cardiovascular Surgery | 53 (45) | 39 (42) | 14 (56) | 0.22 |
| Second Re-op Cardiovascular Surgery | 27 (23) | 22 (24) | 5 (20) | 0.68 |
| Third or More Re-op Cardiovascular Surgery | 7 (6) | 6 (6.5) | 1(4) | 1.0 |
| Status | 0.03 | |||
| Elective | 98 (84) | 81 (88) | 17 (68) | 0.02 |
| Urgent | 18 (15) | 10 (11) | 8 (32) | 0.01 |
| Emergent | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| Indications for operation | ||||
| Acute Aortic Dissection | 2 (1.7) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| Aortic Rupture | 3 (2.6) | 3 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm | 57 (49) | 46 (50) | 11 (44) | 0.59 |
| Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm | 56 (48) | 43 (47) | 13 (52) | 0.64 |
| I | 6 (5.1) | 2 (2.2) | 4 (16) | 0.02 |
| II | 24 (21) | 18 (20) | 6 (24) | 0.63 |
| III | 5 (4.2) | 5 (5.4) | 0 (0) | 0.06 |
| IV | 6 (5.1) | 6 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 0.34 |
| V | 7 (6) | 5 (5.4) | 2 (8) | 0.64 |
| Unknown | 8 (6.8) | 7 (7.6) | 1 (4.0) | 0.53 |
| Thoracotomy Incision Type | 0.006 | |||
| Left | 75 (64) | 65 (71) | 10 (40) | 0.005 |
| Right | 3 (2.6) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (8) | 0.11 |
| Thoracoabdominal | 39 (33) | 26 (28) | 13 (52) | 0.03 |
| One Thoracotomy | 35 (30) | 27 (29) | 8 (32) | 0.80 |
| Two Thoracotomies | 82 (70) | 65 (71) | 17 (68) | 0.80 |
| HCA (%) | 63 (54) | 49 (53) | 14 (56) | 0.81 |
| Circulatory Arrest Time (minutes) | 31 (24, 39) | 33 (26, 39) | 25 (19, 31) | 0.05 |
| Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time (minutes) | 228 (188, 263) | 229 (189, 262) | 221 (178, 302) | 0.75 |
| Red Blood Cell (units) | 2 (0, 4) | 1.5 (0, 4) | 3 (0, 3) | 0.85 |
Data presented as median (25 %, 75 %) for continuous data and n (%) for categorical data.
The aortic ruptures were complications of one acute aortic dissection, one thoracic aortic aneurysm, and one thoracoabdominal aneurysm of unknown extent.