Table 1. The characteristic of the study population.

Characteristic	AF (n=576)	Control (n=869)	P
Age (years)	66.56±10.87	42.28±11.60	<10-6
Male (%)	52.47	40.10	4.0×<10-5
Smoking (%)	11.05	13.72	0.128
Hypertension (%)	39.36	14.24	<10-6
DM	9.90	3.65	<10-6

The data are shown as the mean ± SD. Categorical data, including gender, smoking status and other data, were tested using chi-square tests, and the measurement data age was tested using t-tests between the cases and controls in each population. Age for the case group is the age at diagnosis; age for the control group is the age at enrollment. AF, atrial fibrillation; DM, diabetes mellitus.