Table 2.

Other Invasive Fungal Infections Reported in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Fungal Infection	Species	Underlying Disease	Clinical Manifestation	Outcome	References
Coccidioidomycosis	Coccidioides species	ALL	Meningitis complicated by central nervous system vasculitis.	The patient was treated with AMB, intravenous fluconazole, Micafungin and prednisone.	250
Scopulariopsis	S. alboflavescens	AML	Pneumonia with large consolidation on the left side of the lung hilum.	AMB and voriconazole combination therapy was not successful and the patient died.	251
	S. brevicaulis	AML	Bronchial invasion that leads to mediastinal emphysema, bronchial bleeding, and bronchial obstruction before finally spreading to the entire lung.	The patient died because it was estimated that the patient had respiratory aspergillosis infection, and the optimal treatment was delayed.	252
	S. brevicaulis	AML	The patient with necrotic ulcers on his hard palate and his left tonsil.	Sinonasal infection was successfully treated with a combination of extensive surgical debridement and AMB.	253
	S. brevicaulis	AML	The patient with persistent fever that did not respond to wide spectrum antibiotics and AMB.	The fever subsided with itraconazole, and there was no recurrence of fungal infection with prolonged maintenance of oral itraconazole.	254
	S. brevicaulis	AML	Onychomycosis with local cutaneous invasion.	Unsuccessfully treated with high-dose micafungin, and the patient died from a cerebral hemorrhage in the context of chronic thrombocytopenia.	255
Geoterichosis	G. capitatum	ALL	The patient with fever and blood infection.	The patient died and fungal infection disseminated although caspofungin was used as prophylaxis.	256
	G. capitatum	Fanconi aplastic anemia	Neutropenic fever, multiple nodules were detected in liver and septic arthritis.	The patient treated with AMB and voriconazole but died due to sepsis and multiple organ failure.	257
	G. capitatum	AML with multilineage dysplasia	Blood infection and multiple nodular lesions in lung fields.	The patient treated with a combination of AMB, itraconazole, and voriconazole.	258
	G. capitatum	Plasma cell leukemia	Pneumonia	The patient treated successfully with an antifungal combination of voriconazole, caspofungin, and supportive therapy.	259
	G. capitatum	ALL	The infection involved lung, liver and skin	Caspofungin, AMB, and combination therapy with voriconazole improved patient condition, but the patient died due to heart and lung failure.	260
Ochroconis gallopavum	Ochroconis gallopavum	B-CLL	Disseminated Infection	AMB and itraconazole were used for treatment, but the patient died due to brain abscesses.	261
Scedosporium	S. prolificans	AML	Disseminated Infection	Combination of voriconazole and terbinafine in conjunction with central venous line removal and intravitreal voriconazole, contributed to the recovery of the patient.	262
	S. prolificans	ALL	Pneumonia	Successfully treated with liposomal AMB and who underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cells transplantation.	263
	S. prolificans	AML	Sepsis	Died AML and Fatal S. prolificans sepsis after Eculizumab treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.	264
	S. prolificans	AML	Infective endocarditis	Died Multi-organ failure despite the combined use of voriconazole and terbinafine.	265

Abbreviations: AMB, amphotericin B; ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.