Table 2.
Anti-vaccine serum IgG concentrations and seroconversion for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenza b, ten pneumococcus serotypes, measles and three oral polio serotypes in the birth cohort of Kenyan infants.
| Cord blood | 10 weeks | 14 weeks | 24 weeks | 12 months | 18 months | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diphtheria, IU/ml | 0.20 (0.08–0.43) (n = 275) |
0.18 (0.07–0.37) (n = 218) |
1.10 (0.54–1.94) (n = 258) |
1.20 (0.68–1.75) (n = 262) |
0.26 (0.14–0.39) (n = 260) |
0.14 (0.08–0.25) (n = 303) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 77 (28.0) | 71 (32.6) | 11 (4.3) | 3 (1.1) | 37 (14.2) | 97 (32.0) |
| Tetanus, IU/ml | 2.74 (0.94–6.68) (n = 168) |
NA | NA | 1.28 (0.68–2.37) (n = 179) |
0.51 (0.29–0.93) (n = 213) |
0.40 (0.21–0.72) (n = 229) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 25 (14.9) | 25 (14.0) | 101 (47.4) | 142 (62.0) | ||
| Pertussis toxin, IU/ml | 10 (3-25) (n = 168) |
NA | NA | 72 (17–179) (n = 179) |
38 (10-81) (n = 213) |
34 (7-89) (n = 229) |
| Pertussis, Filamentous hemagglutinin, IU/ml | 15 (6-33) (n = 168) |
NA | NA | 2 (1–4) (n = 179) |
1 (0.4–2) (n = 213) |
1 (0.4–2) (n = 229) |
| Pertussis, Pertactin, IU/ml | 3.0 (1.0–8.0) (n = 168) |
NA | NA | 19.0 (7.0–35.0) (n = 179) |
5.0 (2.0–10.0) (n = 213) |
4.0 (2.0–8.0) (n = 229) |
| Haemophilus influenzae b, μg/ml | 0.06 (0.02–0.26) (n = 283) |
0.08 (0.01–0.17) (n = 220) |
0.28 (0.08–0.85) (n = 258) |
1.07 (0.43–2.34) (n = 268) |
0.65 (0.27–1.60) (n = 260) |
0.54 (0.15–1.25) (n = 297) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 267 (94.3) | 215 (97.7) | 199 (77.1) | 121 (45.1) | 160 (61.5) | 201 (67.7) |
| Pneumococcus 1, μg/ml | 0.01 (0.00–0.04) (n = 286) |
0.09 (0.04–0.37) (n = 218) |
0.48 (0.21–0.96) (n = 253) |
0.70 (0.33–1.36) (n = 266) |
0.29 (0.14–0.59) (n = 259) |
0.18 (0.09–0.36) (n = 296) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 279 (97.6) | 163 (74.8) | 92 (36.4) | 70 (26.3) | 151 (58.3) | 221 (74.7) |
| Pneumococcus 4, μg/ml | 0.04 (0.02–0.09) (n = 278) |
0.05 (0.03–0.15) (n = 218) |
0.31 (0.13–0.85) (n = 259) |
0.87 (0.45–1.43) (n = 265) |
0.42 (0.22–0.75) (n = 258) |
0.24 (0.12–0.45) (n = 298) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 247 (88.8) | 194 (89.0) | 138 (53.3) | 46 (17.4) | 108 (41.9) | 194 (65.1) |
| Pneumococcus 5, μg/ml | 0.02 (0.01–0.06) (n = 286) |
0.09 (0.03–0.30) (n = 217) |
0.59 (0.23–1.21) (n = 257) |
0.70 (0.38–1.29) (n = 271) | 0.27 (0.14–0.50) (n = 263) |
0.17 (0.08–0.30) (n = 298) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 280 (97.9) | 169 (77.9) | 89 (34.6) | 58 (21.4) | 158 (60.1) | 239 (80.2) |
| Pneumococcus 6, μg/ml | 0.06 (0.02–0.27) (n = 282) |
0.01 (0.00–0.04) (n = 219) |
0.10 (0.02–0.39) (n = 255) | 2.05 (0.87–3.75) (n = 267) | 1.56 (0.68–3.15) (n = 261) | 0.78 (0.36–1.61) (n = 294) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 225 (79.8) | 200 (91.3) | 186 (72.9) | 36 (13.5) | 32 (12.3) | 69 (23.5) |
| Pneumococcus 7, μg/ml | 0.05 (0.01–0.25) (n = 286) |
0.11 (0.04–0.34) (n = 219) |
0.71 (0.30–1.85) (n = 259) |
1.66 (1.01–3.05) (n = 267) |
0.86 (0.42–1.65) (n = 261) |
0.42 (0.20–0.81) (n = 297) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 221 (77.3) | 165 (75.3) | 75 (29.0) | 8 (3.0) | 47 (18.0) | 133 (44.8) |
| Pneumococcus 9, μg/ml | 0.07 (0.02–0.22) (n = 286) |
0.04 (0.02–0.14) (n = 221) |
0.71 (0.26–1.62) (n = 259) |
1.04 (0.61–1.87) (n = 267) |
0.62 (0.35–1.15) (n = 262) |
0.36 (0.19–0.78) (n = 298) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 241 (84.3) | 194 (87.8) | 78 (30.1) | 22 (8.2) | 64 (24.4) | 139 (46.6) |
| Pneumococcus 14, μg/ml | 1.64 (0.44–3.60) (n = 283) |
0.30 (0.11–0.94) (n = 219) |
0.97 (0.42–2.41) (n = 259) |
1.94 (0.88–3.66) (n = 268) |
0.55 (0.22–1.12) (n = 259) |
0.33 (0.12–0.77) (n = 294) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 59 (20.8) | 114 (52.1) | 56 (21.6) | 29 (10.8) | 87 (33.6) | 154 (52.4) |
| Pneumococcus 18, μg/ml | 0.09 (0.28–0.30) (n = 284) | 0.05 (0.02–0.15) (n = 220) | 0.66 (0.21–1.92) (n = 256) | 1.84 (0.82–5.45) (n = 268) | 0.60 (0.30–1.04) (n = 263) | 0.39 (0.18–0.69) (n = 299) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 222 (78.2) | 192 (87.3) | 89 (34.8) | 20 (7.5) | 76 (28.9) | 133 (44.5) |
| Pneumococcus 19, μg/ml | 0.38 (0.12–1.16) (n = 280) |
0.29 (0.11–0.70) (n = 217) |
1.65 (0.60–3.39) (n = 255) |
2.37 (1.25–4.55) (n = 269) |
0.92 (0.51–1.95) (n = 263) |
0.51 (0.22–1.36) (n = 298) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 130 (46.4) | 122 (56.2) | 43 (16.9) | 16 (5.9) | 36 (13.7) | 115 (38.6) |
| Pneumococcus 23, μg/ml | 0.10 (0.03–0.40) (n = 281) |
0.06 (0.02–0.13) (n = 221) |
0.24 (0.11–0.65) (n = 256) |
0.80 (0.35–1.38) (n = 271) |
0.40 (0.21–0.85) (n = 264) |
0.23 (0.09–0.45) (n = 298) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 200 (71.2) | 202 (91.4) | 154 (60.2) | 64 (23.6) | 113 (42.8) | 198 (66.4) |
| Measles, IU/ml | 0.73 (0.26–1.45) (n = 168) |
NA | NA | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) (n = 179) |
0.44 (0.27–0.84) (n = 213) |
0.85 (0.41–1.74) (n = 229) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 19 (11.3) | 161 (89.9) | 14 (6.6) | 10 (4.4) | ||
| Poliomyelitis 1, IU/ml | 0.20 (0.10–0.72) (n = 167) |
NA | NA | 6.84 (3.70–15.19) (n = 177) |
5.34 (2.57–8.74) (n = 208) |
4.13 (1.99–8.11) (n = 227) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 121 (72.5) | 5 (2.8) | 5 (2.4) | 10 (4.4) | ||
| Poliomyelitis 2, IU/ml | 1.38 (0.72–3.51) (n = 167) |
NA | NA | 21.54 (11.80–33.79) (n = 177) |
14.48 (7.70–25.71) (n = 209) |
14.94 (6.62–30.82) (n = 227) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 103 (61.7) | 5 (2.8) | 10 (4.8) | 14 (6.2) | ||
| Poliomyelitis 3, IU/ml | 0.19 (0.10–0.34) (n = 167) |
NA | NA | 2.84 (1.23–4.84) (n = 177) |
2.70 (1.26–5.12) (n = 209) |
1.73 (0.96–4.47) (n = 228) |
| Seronegative, n (%) | 149 (89.2) | 27 (15.3) | 20 (9.6) | 37 (16.2) |
Data as medians (IQR). NA, not available. Definitions of seroconversion against the different vaccines are given in the text.