Table 5.

In a randomized trial follow-up study, age, anthropometrics, biomarkers of iron, vitamin A and inflammation, and anti-measles serum IgG concentrations in Kenyan infants receiving 5 mg iron daily or no-iron control for 4 months, and given measles vaccine at age 9 mo and 18 mo, measured at baseline (age 7.5 mo), end of intervention (age 11.5 mo) and follow-up (age 4.5 y).

	Baseline of intervention	End of intervention	Follow up	p-values
				Group	Time	Group*time
n				-	-	-
Iron	85	85	55
Control	42	42	33
Age, moa				-	-	-
Iron	7.4 (7.1 – 8.5)	11.1 (10.8 – 12.4)	54.9 (52.3 – 56.7)
Control	7.5 (7.0 – 8.6)	11.3 (10.7 – 12.6)	53.9 (51.8 – 56.7)
Weight-for-age z-scoreb				0.3745	0.9005	0.5555
Iron	−0.52 ± 1.17	−0.50 ± 1.21	−1.00 ± 0.86
Control	−0.30 ± 1.03	−0.34 ± 1.18	−1.03 ± 0.76
Weight-for-height z-score				0.0954	0.0181	0.8032
Iron	−0.34 (−1.10 – 0.19)	−0.32 (−0.94 – 0.61)	−0.72 (−1.15 −0.22)
Control	−0.15 (−0.89 – 0.92)	0.29 (−0.84 – 0.83)	−0.55 (−1.07 −0.13)
Height-for-age z-score				0.6351	<0.0001	0.9142
Iron	−0.26 ± 1.19	−0.66 ± 1.34	−0.91 ± 0.96
Control	−0.35 ± 1.04	−0.77 ± 1.02	−0.97 ± 0.84
Hemoglobin, g/dl				0.0001	0.0131	0.0001
Iron	10.4 (9.5 – 10.9)	11.1 (10.6 – 12.0)	11.3 (10.5 – 12.0)
Control	10.3 (9.4 – 10.7)	9.8 (9.2 – 10.7)	11.2 (10.6 – 11.9)
Plasma ferritin, μg/L				0.0198	0.2427	0.0001
Iron	15.5 (10.0 – 26.8)	23.6 (16.8 – 35.0)	25.8 (17.7 – 39.0)
Control	15.3 (8.1 – 32.2)	11.7 (8.1 – 27.8)	20.0 (10.3 – 29.7)
Transferrin receptor, mg/L				0.1033	0.2224	<0.0001
Iron	12.4 (8.7 – 15.8)	8.8 (7.9 – 11.5)	7.01 (6.0 – 9.5)
Control	10.3 (8.4 – 14.7)	12.7 (10.1 – 18.1)	7.6 (6.3 – 9.0)
Retinol binding protein, μmol/L				0.1632	0.0160	0.6440
Iron	0.94 (0.80 – 1.04)	0.95 (0.81 – 1.22)	0.84 (0.64 – 0.94)
Control	0.90 (0.73 – 1.05)	0.94 (0.77 – 1.08)	0.73 (0.61 – 0.85)
C-reactive protein, mg/L				0.7476	0.7605	0.2592
Iron	1.10 (0.50 – 4.20)	1.60 (0.50 – 5.05)	0.17 (0.01 – 1.58)
Control	1.20 (0.55 – 7.45)	1.10 (0.38 – 4.30)	0.27 (0.06 – 1.70)
α-glycoprotein, g/L				0.8907	0.1656	0.3847
Iron	0.93 (0.68 – 1.67)	1.23 (0.75 – 2.03)	0.63 (0.47 – 0.80)
Control	1.02 (0.69 – 2.08)	1.09 (0.70 – 2.18)	0.70 (0.58 – 1.21)
Measles IgG, IU/ml				0.0415	<0.0001	0.2952
Iron	0.01 (0.01 – 0.03)	0.49 (0.23 – 0.72)	0.37 (0.19 – 0.78)
Control	0.01 (0.01 – 0.03)	0.39 (0.11 – 0.73)	0.33 (0.25 – 0.84)

^aAll such data as medians (IQR).

^bAll such data as means ±SD. Analyzed using linear mixed effect model (LMM) analyses with Bonferroni correction on baseline and end of intervention parameters. For anti-measles serum IgG the LMM analysis on the primary vaccine response is shown.