Table 4.
Cognitive Functions and the Role of Socio-Demographic Factors
| Cognitive Domain | Test | M (SD) | M (SD) | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Male | Female | ||||
| Executive functions | Abstract reasoning | 4.79 (1.74) | 5.77 (0.43) | 5.032 | 0.03 |
| Age (years) | |||||
| ≤50 | ≥51 | ||||
| Attention | TMT Aa | 34.11 (10.55) | 44.68 (21.02) | 3.789 | 0.05 |
| Executive functions | Phonemic fluency | 12.87 (3.90) | 10.42 (3.11) | 4.998 | 0.03 |
| Abstract reasoning | 5.72 (0.46) | 4.78 (1.78) | 4.729 | 0.03 | |
| Education (years) | |||||
| ≤8 | ≥9 | ||||
| Memory | Prose memory – immediate recall | 11.86 (3.11) | 15.63 (4.93) | 6.751 | 0.01 |
| Prose memory – delayed recall | 14.57 (4.15) | 20.19 (4.58) | 14.725 | <0.001 | |
| Memory with interference – 10 seconds | 5.71 (3.24) | 7.63 (1.86) | 5.807 | 0.02 | |
| Memory with interference – 30 seconds | 5.21 (2.52) | 7.30 (2.11) | 7.872 | <0.01 | |
| Executive functions | Phonemic fluency | 9.53 (2.80) | 12.51 (3.65) | 7.139 | 0.01 |
| Visuospatial abilities | Copy drawing | 1.36 (0.50) | 1.78 (0.42) | 8.072 | <0.01 |
Notes: aMean refers to total time (seconds) used to complete the test; higher scores indicate worse performance.
Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation; TMT, Trail Making Test.