Table 1.

Current Evidence for COVID-19 Emerging Therapies^a

Therapy	References by type of evidence	Mechanism	Expected therapeutic action
Remdesivir	Preclinical: 10, 11, 12, 13 Case report/series: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 Clinical trial: 20, 21, 22	Adenosine analogue that causes termination of RNA synthesis	Antiviral
Favipiravir	Preclinical: 12 Clinical trial: 25, 26b	Selective inhibition of RNA polymerase	Antiviral
Lopinavir/ritonavir	Preclinical: 10 Case series: 30, 31, 32, 41 Cohort: 33, 34, 36, 37 Clinical trial: 35, 38, 39, 40	Retroviral protease inhibitor	Antiviral
Tocilizumab/baricitinib/ruxolitinib/dexamethasone	Preclinical: 49, 50, 62 Case series: 54, 62, 63 Cohort: 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 64, 66, 67 Clinical trial: 59, 65, 68	Interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor/selective inhibitors of Janus kinases/modulation of immune responses	Anti-inflammatory
Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine	Preclinical: 77, 78, 98, 99 Case series: 91 Cohort: 81, 82, 83, 84, 92, 93, 95, 96 Clinical trial: 40, 79, 80, 85, 86, 87, 94,b 97	Inhibition of viral replication and modulation of immune responses	Antiviral/anti-inflammatory
Convalescent plasma	Case series: 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 Cohort: 111, 113 Clinical trial: 112	Transfer of humoral immunity	Anti–SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity

^aCOVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2.

^bNon–peer-reviewed publications.