. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 20.

Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Serv. 2017 Jun 1;68(10):1016–1024. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201600329

TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics of study participants randomly assigned to forensic assertive community treatment (FACT) or enhanced treatment as usual (control)

	Total (N=70)			FACT (N=35)			Control (N=35)
Characteristic	N responses	N	%	N responses	N	%	N responses	N	%	p

Age (M±SD)	70	37.5±11.6		35	37.7±12.1		35	33.7±10.8		.169^a
Gender	70			35			35			1.00^a
Male		43	61		22	63		21	60
Female		27	39		13	37		14	40
Race-ethnicity	70			35			35			.299^b
African American		51	73		23	66		28	80
Caucasian		13	19		9	26		4	11
Hispanic		6	8		3	9		3	9
Marital status	70			35			35			1.00^b
Never married		59	84		30	86		29	83
Divorced		11	16		5	14		6	17
Highest level of education	62			34			28			.451^c
Did not graduate high school		29	47		14	42		15	54
Graduated high school		20	32		11	32		9	32
Post high school		13	21		9	27		4	14
Employment	70			35			35			.607^b
Unemployed		66	94		32	91		34	97
Employed (paid, full- and part-time)		4	6		3	9		1	3
Primary diagnosis	70			35			35			.379^b
Schizophrenia		36	51		18	51		18	51
Depression with psychotic features		13	19		9	26		4	11
Schizoaffective disorder		8	11		2	6		6	17
Psychotic disorder, NOS		7	10		3	9		4	11
Bipolar disorder with psychotic features		6	9		3	9		3	9
Co-occurring substance use disorder	70			35			35			.778^c
Polysubstance use		32	46		15	43		17	49
None		21	30		12	34		9	26
Marijuana		10	14		4	11		6	17
Cocaine		7	10		4	11		3	9
Days homeless (M±SD)^d	58	28.4±59.2		34	23.1±50.9		24	35.9±70.0		.276^a
BPRS (M±SD)^e	58	39.0±7.2		34	39.7±7.7		24	37.9±6.3		.192^a
ITAQ (M±SD)^f	57	15.4±5.8		33	14.3±6.4		24	16.8±4.7		.208^a
MARS (M±SD)^g	54	3.4±2.6		32	3.6±2.6		22	3.1±2.6		.593^a
ASI, alcohol (M±SD)^h	58	.1±.2		34	.1±.2		24	.1±.2		.853^a
ASI, drugs (M±SD)ⁱ	57	.1±.1		34	.1±.1		23	.1±.1		.980^a
TSRQ autonomy subscale (M±SD)^j	56	5.67±1.55		33	5.38±1.70		23	6.09±1.23		.073^a
LSI-R (M±SD)^k	56	25.7±7.5		33	26.0±7.1		23	25.2±8.1		.881^a
Lifetime arrests (M±SD)	70	16.3±20.6		35	17.6±24.2		35	14.9±16.5		.621^a
Lifetime conviction (M±SD)	70	7.9±11.9		35	9.0±13.6		35	6.9±10.1		.392^a
Hospital days (M±SD)^l,m	70	8.3±22.9		35	7.5±17.0		35	8.9±27.8		.461^a
Jail days (M±SD)^l	70	70.0±90.2		35	68.6±97.4		35	65.4±83.8		.986^a
Lifetime jail days (sentenced) (M±SD)	70	547±1079		35	625±1,327		35	468±767		.681^a
Lifetime months of probation (sentenced) (M±SD)	70	39.0±46.9		35	43.2±52.3		35	34.9±41.2		.730^a

Based on Wilcoxon’s rank sum with continuity correction test

Based on Fisher’s exact test for 2×2 matrices

Based on Pearson’s chi-square test with Yates’ continuity correction

During six months prior to enrollment

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (total score). Possible scores range from 18 to 126, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (total score). Possible scores range from 0 to 22, with higher scores indicating greater insight into need for treatment.

Medication Adherence Rating Scale (total score). Possible scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher levels of medication adherence.

Addiction Severity Index. Scores for study participants ranged from 0 to .70, with higher scores indicating greater severity of alcohol addiction.

ⁱ

Addiction Severity Index. Scores for study participants ranged from 0 to .47, with higher scores indicating greater severity of drug addiction.

Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Possible scores range from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived autonomy related to taking antipsychotic medications.

Level of Service Inventory–Revised (total score). Possible scores range from 0 to 54, with higher scores indicating greater risk of criminal recidivism.

During the year prior to enrollment

Includes days in both general and state psychiatric hospitals