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Oxidative stress plays an important role in HSC activation and liver fibrosis. In the liver, under impact of harmful stimulus, oxidative stress is induced and hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and HSCs will produce mass of ROS. On the one hand, the ROS bond with cytomembrane of HSCs and cause its lipid peroxidation, leading to HSC activation. On the other hand, ROS will stimulate Kupffer cells to produce and release TGF-β1 in turn, which can induce HSC activation admittedly.
