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. 2020 Jun 30;21(13):4640. doi: 10.3390/ijms21134640

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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PPT induces cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 signaling pathways. KYSE 30 and KYSE 450 cells were treated with different concentrations of PPT (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 µM) or DMSO for 48 h. (A) The cells were double-stained with annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD). The apoptotic effects of PPT were assessed using a Muse™ Cell Analyzer (Merck Millipore) in the ESCC cell lines compared to the DMSO-treated control group. (B) The level of apoptosis-related protein phosphor (p)-JNK and p-p38 in the ESCC cells was detected by Western blot assays with actin as a loading control.