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. 2020 Jun 30;21(13):4640. doi: 10.3390/ijms21134640

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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PPT provokes apoptosis by the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins. ESCC cells (KYSE 30 and KYSE 450) were treated with PPT of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 µM or DMSO for 48 h. (A) Intracellular ROS was assayed using fluorescent dyes and Muse™ Oxidative Stress Reagent (Merck Millipore); n = 4. (B) The expression of ER stress-related proteins, including GRP78, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), DR4, and DR5, in PPT-treated ESCC cells was analyzed by Western blots. Actin served as a loading control.