Table 1.
The distributions of baseline socio-demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, disease history, blood biochemical indexes according to mortality status.
| Variables | Mortality Status n (%) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alive (N = 2714) |
Dead (N = 242) |
||
| Socio-demographic factors | |||
| Men | 1205 (44.4) | 167 (69.01) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 54.32 ± 11.27 | 70.05 ± 11.51 | <0.001 |
| Educational attainment | <0.001 | ||
| ≤6 years | 213 (17.15) | 57 (31.32) | |
| 7–12 years | 527 (42.43) | 65 (35.71) | |
| ≥13 years | 502 (40.42) | 60 (32.97) | |
| Married | 2162 (79.66) | 203 (83.88) | 0.14 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.61 | ||
| <18.5 | 73 (2.69) | 9 (3.72) | |
| 18.5–25 | 1636 (60.28) | 141 (58.26) | |
| 25–30 | 843 (31.06) | 74 (30.58) | |
| ≥30 | 162 (5.97) | 18 (7.44) | |
| Lifestyle behaviors | |||
| Smoking | 362 (13.34) | 43 (17.77) | 0.07 |
| Alcohol drinking | 483 (17.80) | 56 (23.14) | 0.05 |
| Physical activity | 1698 (62.56) | 167 (69.01) | 0.05 |
| Disease history | |||
| Hypertension | 662 (24.39) | 130 (53.72) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 245 (9.03) | 63 (26.03) | <0.001 |
| Heart disease | 277 (10.21) | 71 (29.34) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 37 (1.36) | 25 (10.33) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 82 (3.02) | 25 (10.33) | <0.001 |
| CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 117 (4.31) | 67 (27.69) | <0.001 |
| Blood biochemical indexes † | |||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 100.85 ± 22.34 | 111.57 ± 33.99 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.08 ± 35.28 | 190.18 ± 36 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 121.87 ± 89.75 | 137.55 ± 95.37 | 0.01 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 48.88 ± 14.08 | 44.47 ± 13.09 | <0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 120.94 ± 31.27 | 112.64 ± 31.81 | <0.001 |
| WBC (103/mL) | 5.75 ± 1.56 | 6.12 ± 1.70 | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 21.82 ± 103.34 | 127.66 ± 532.54 | 0.002 |
| Fasting insulin (IU/L) | 6.74 ± 4.79 | 7.73 ± 8.47 | 0.08 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.16 ± 0.28 | 0.27 ± 0.44 | <0.001 |
| Measurements of the carotid arteries | |||
| Total carotid intima–media thickness | <0.001 | ||
| <1.0 mm | 857 (31.58) | 20 (8.26) | |
| 1.0–2.0 mm | 1426 (52.54) | 107 (44.21) | |
| ≥2.0 mm | 431 (15.88) | 115 (47.52) | |
| Carotid plaque | <0.001 | ||
| No | 1470 (54.16) | 47 (19.42) | |
| Yes | 1244 (45.84) | 195 (80.58) | |
| Carotid stenosis | <0.001 | ||
| <25% | 2385 (87.88) | 140 (57.85) | |
| 25%–36% | 195 (7.18) | 51 (21.07) | |
| ≥36% | 134 (4.94) | 51 (21.07) | |
CKD: chronic kidney disease; †: mean (SD). Student’s t-test was used for continuous variables to calculate p-values. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables to calculate p-values.