Table 2.
Hazard ratios of all-cause mortality according to intima–media thickness, carotid plaque, and carotid stenosis.
| Variables | n | Cases | Person-Years | Incidence Rate | Age and Sex-Adjusted | Multivariate-Adjusted 1 | Multivariate-Adjusted 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | |||||
| Intima–media thickness | |||||||
| <1.0 mm | 877 | 20 | 8140.94 | 2.46 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1.0–2.0 mm | 1533 | 107 | 14,714.21 | 7.27 | 1.58 (0.97, 2.57) | 1.53 (0.94, 2.49) | 1.53 (0.94, 2.50) |
| ≥2.0 mm | 546 | 115 | 4955.72 | 23.21 | 2.22 (1.34, 3.68) ** | 2.06 (1.24, 3.42) ** | 1.79 (1.07, 3.00) * |
| p for trend | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.003 | ||||
| Carotid plaque | |||||||
| No | 1517 | 47 | 14,453.17 | 3.25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1439 | 195 | 13,357.71 | 14.60 | 1.89 (1.35, 2.64) *** | 1.82 (1.30, 2.55) *** | 1.65 (1.17, 2.32) ** |
| Carotid stenosis | |||||||
| <25% | 2525 | 140 | 24,074.52 | 5.82 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25%–36% | 246 | 51 | 2118.61 | 24.07 | 1.75 (1.25, 2.46) ** | 1.71 (1.22, 2.39) ** | 1.57 (1.12, 2.22) ** |
| ≥36% | 185 | 51 | 1617.74 | 31.53 | 1.54 (1.09, 2.18) * | 1.49 (1.05, 2.10) * | 1.15 (0.80, 1.67) |
| p for trend | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.22 |
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. 1 Multivariate adjustment for age, sex, education, marital status, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity. 2 Multivariate adjustment for age, sex, education, marital status, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic kidney disease, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, WBC, ACR, fasting insulin, and hs-CRP. Incidence rate = number of incident cases/person-years * 1000; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.