ACVR2A, ACVR2B	activin receptors IIA and IIB
ALA	alpha lipoic acid
AP-1	activator protein 1
BMP	bone morphogenic proteins
Cx43	connexin 43
CTGF	connective tissue growth factor
CYP3A4	cytochrome P450 3A4
DAMP	damage-associated molecular pattern
Daxx	death-associated protein
DMD	Duchenne muscular dystrophy
FKBP51 and -52	immunophilin FK506-binding protein 51and 52
Fstl1	follistatin-like 1
FOXO	forkhead box O
GCs	glucocorticoids
GLUT4	glucose transporter 4
GR	glucocorticoid receptor
GRE	glucocorticoid receptor elements
HDAC2, 3, 4 and -6	Histone deacetylase 2, 3, 4 and -6
Hop	hsp70-hsp90 organizing protein
Hsp40, 70, 90	heat shock protein 40, 70, 90
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor-1
IKB	inhibitor of NF-κB
IR	insulin resistance
IRFs	interferon regulatory factors
IRS1	insulin receptor substrate 1
JAK/STAT	Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins
JIP1	JNK1 inhibitory protein
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
L-car	L-carnitine
MAPK	p38 mitogen-activated protein
kinasesMR	Mineralocorticoid receptor
miRNA	microRNA
MyoD	myogenin D
MR	mineralocorticoid receptor
NAC	N-acetylcysteine
NBD	NK-κB Essential MOdulator (NEMO)-Binding Domain
NFATc1	nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1
NF-KB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
nNOS	neuronal nitric oxide synthase
NR3C1	Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1
P	phosphorylation
Pax3 and -7	paired box 3 and 7
PDTC	pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
PGC1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-alpha
PI3K/Akt/mTOR	Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway
PKB/Akt	protein kinase B
PPARα and –γ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ
PTB	polypirimidine tract-binding protein
RA	rheumatoid arthritis
RAF/RAS/ERK	Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma/Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ROS	reactive oxygen species
S6K1	ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1
SMAD3	Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 3
SMAD6	Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 6
SOCS3	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
TIMP3	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3
TLR	Toll-like receptors
VPA	valproic acid