PD	Parkinson’s Disease
α-Syn	α-synuclein
ROT	rotenone
PQ	paraquat
MB	maneb
ROS	reactive oxygen species
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
GSH	Glutathione
BBB	blood brain barrier
CNS	central nervous system
ARs	adenosine receptors
MAO-B	monoamine oxidase-B
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α
KO	knockout
PDE	phosphodiesterase
A2AR	adenosine 2A receptor
PKA	protein kinase A
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
L-DOPA	L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
GABA	γ-aminobutyric acid
A1R	adenosine 1 receptor
MPTP	N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
6-OHDA	6-hydroxydopamine
qRT-PCR	quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
DOPAC	3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
CSC	8-(-3-chlorostyryl)-caffeine
AIMs	abnormal involuntary movements
THP	trihexyphenidyl
ESS	Epworth Sleepiness Scale
UPDRS	unified Parkinson’s Disease rating scale
HC	healthy control
HPFS	Study of Health Professionals
NHS	Nurses’ Health Study