P-113 and its derivatives increase the uptake of BODIPY-labeled vancomycin in E. coli. (A) Fluorescence images of 107 CFU/mL E. coli ATCC 25922 treated with 0.5 ×MIC of P-113, Phe-P-113, Bip-P-113, Dip-P-113, and Nal-P-113 at 37 °C for 30 min, then treated with BODIPY-labeled vancomycin for 30 min (scale bar represents 5 µm). (B) Mean fluorescence intensity of P-113, Phe-P-113, Bip-P-113, Dip-P-113, and Nal-P-113 treated in E. coli ATCC 25922. Samples treated with BODIPY-labeled vancomycin only served as a control. Results are presented as means ± SEM, *** p < 0.001 compared with control. The experiments were performed in triplicate.