Table 2.
Comparisons of demographic data and difficulties in emotion regulation between the PNIA and NIA groups and the RIA and PIA groups.
| PNIA Group (n = 248) n (%) or mean (SD) |
NIA Group (n = 20) n (%) or mean (SD) |
χ2 or t | RIA Group (n = 26) n (%) or mean (SD) |
PIA Group (n = 30) n (%) or mean (SD) |
χ2 or t | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
| Female | 129 (50.0) | 11 (55) | 0.066 | 15 (57.7) | 14 (46.7) | 0.678 |
| Male | 119 (48.0) | 9 (45) | 11 (42.3) | 16 (53.3) | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 22.3 (2.0) | 22.4 (1.9) | −0.347 | 21.6 (1.2) | 22.6 (1.9) | −2.421 |
| DERS, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Non-acceptance of emotional responses | 12.2 (3.9) | 13.6 (3.2) | −1.532 | 13.7 (3.6) | 14.3 (4.7) | −0.601 |
| Difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior | 11.4 (3.3) | 11.9 (3.1) | −0.605 | 14.8 (3.4) | 14.8 (4.3) | −0.029 |
| Impulse control difficulties | 10.8 (3.8) | 13.4 (4.1) | −2.902 * | 14.0 (4.7) | 14.2 (5.0) | −0.179 |
| Lack of emotional awareness | 14.5 (4.1) | 14.0 (2.8) | 0.514 | 16.3 (3.4) | 16.0 (3.1) | 0.312 |
| Limited access to emotion regulation strategies | 15.7 (4.8) | 18.5 (4.2) | −2.481 | 20.1 (6.0) | 20.4 (5.6) | −0.229 |
| Lack of emotional clarity | 9.7 (2.9) | 10.5 (2.9) | −1.168 | 11.0 (2.1) | 11.0 (2.7) | −0.052 |
* p < 0.008. DERS: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; NIA: No Internet addiction; PIA: Persistent Internet addiction; PNIA: Persistent no Internet addiction; RIA: Remitted Internet addiction; SD: Standard deviation.