Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the participants.
| Variable | Overall (n = 13,029) |
Private Health Insurance (n = 6801) |
Medicaid (n = 1125) |
Other Health Insurance (n = 1426) |
No Health Insurance (n = 3677) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 44.6 ± 12.8 | 45.4 ± 12.4 | 44.3 ± 13.5 | 48.6 ± 12.5 | 41.6 ± 12.8 |
| Male (n (%)) | 6570 (50.4) | 3412 (50.1) | 405 (36.0) | 699 (49.0) | 2054 (55.8) |
| Race/Ethnicity (n (%)) | |||||
| Black | 3092 (23.7) | 1501 (22.1) | 445 (39.6) | 391 (27.4) | 755 (20.5) |
| Hispanic | 3790 (29.1) | 1441 (21.2) | 286 (25.4) | 417 (29.2) | 1646 (44.8) |
| White | 4801 (36.9) | 3035 (44.6) | 305 (27.1) | 460 (32.3) | 1001 (27.2) |
| Other | 1346 (10.3) | 824 (12.1) | 89 (7.9) | 158 (11.1) | 275 (7.5) |
| Obese (n (%)) | 5672 (43.5) | 2932 (43.1) | 605 (53.7) | 690 (48.3) | 1445 (39.3) |
| Below Poverty Threshold (n (%)) |
3665 (28.1) | 833 (12.2) | 731 (64.9) | 491 (34.4) | 1610 (43.7) |
| High School Completed or Equivalent (n (%)) | 9768 (74.9) | 5931 (87.2) | 664 (59.0) | 1034 (72.5) | 2139 (58.1) |
| Self-Rated Health (n (%)) | |||||
| Excellent | 1183 (9.1) | 762 (11.2) | 54 (4.8) | 67 (4.7) | 300 (8.1) |
| Very Good | 3219 (24.7) | 2151 (31.6) | 154 (13.7) | 268 (18.8) | 646 (17.5) |
| Good | 5350 (41.1) | 2794 (41.1) | 404 (35.9) | 566 (39.7) | 1586 (43.1) |
| Fair | 2741 (21.0) | 964 (14.2) | 375 (33.3) | 405 (28.4) | 997 (27.1) |
| Poor | 536 (4.1) | 130 (1.9) | 138 (12.3) | 120 (8.4) | 148 (4.0) |
| Place of Healthcare (n (%)) | |||||
| ER, Outpatient Department, Other | 849 (6.5) | 233 (3.4) | 96 (7.6) | 145 (10.2) | 375 (10.2) |
| Clinic or Health Center | 2748 (21.1) | 1068 (15.7) | 349 (31.0) | 416 (29.2) | 915 (24.9) |
| Doctor’s Office or HMO | 7006 (53.8) | 4782 (70.3) | 594 (52.8) | 731 (51.2) | 899 (24.4) |
| None | 2426 (18.6) | 718 (10.6) | 86 (7.6) | 134 (9.4) | 1488 (40.5) |
| Undiagnosed Prediabetes (n (%)) |
5976 (45.8) | 3067 (45.1) | 452 (40.1) | 627 (43.9) | 1830 (49.7) |
| Undiagnosed Diabetes (n (%)) |
897 (6.8) | 418 (6.1) | 80 (7.1) | 111 (7.7) | 288 (7.8) |
| Undiagnosed Prediabetes or Diabetes (n (%)) | 6873 (52.7) | 3485 (51.2) | 532 (47.2) | 738 (51.7) | 2118 (57.6) |
ER = emergency room; HMO = health maintenance organization.