Table 3.
Comparison of psychological and cognitive characteristics between elite pro-gamers and general pro-gamers.
| Elite Pro-Gamers (n = 12) | General Pro-Gamers (n = 43) | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological Characteristics | |||
| Temperament and Characteristics Inventory (Mean ± Standard Deviation) | |||
| NS *** | 27.6 ± 3.1 | 18.4 ± 3.2 | t = 6.00, p < 0.01, d = 2.761 |
| HA | 18.0 ± 6.7 | 19.1 ± 6.2 | t = −0.53, p = 0.43, d = 0.170 |
| RD | 14.9 ± 3.4 | 14.1 ± 4.4 | t = 0.68, p = 0.49, d = 0.203 |
| P | 4.8 ± 2.3 | 5.2 ± 1.9 | t = −1.54, p = 0.13, d = 0.189 |
| SD ** | 29.6 ± 3.7 | 22.6 ± 5.6 | t = 3.06, p < 0.01, d = 1.475 |
| C | 27.4 ± 3.2 | 27.4 ± 5.6 | t = 0.06, p = 0.82, d < 0.001 |
| ST ** | 17.3 ± 5.1 | 8.4 ± 3.2 | t = 4.82, p < 0.01, d = 2.107 |
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-KY (Mean ± Standard Deviation) | |||
| State * | 31.1 ± 4.4 | 41.2 ± 9.6 | t = −3.19, p < 0.01, d = 1.353 |
| Trait | 39.3 ± 7.1 | 39.2 ± 11.7 | t = 0.08, p = 0.64, d = 0.010 |
| Neurocognitive Function Tests | |||
| Modified Tower of London (Mean ± Standard Deviation) | |||
| ToL-RT * | 5.9 ± 0.4 | 7.1 ± 1.0 | t = −3.03, p < 0.01, d = 1.576 |
| ToL-CR | 7.1 ± 0.9 | 7.2 ± 0.6 | t = −0.09, p = 0.76, d = 0.131 |
| Emotional Perception (Mean ± Standard Deviation) | |||
| EP-RT * | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | t = −2.08, p = 0.01, d = 1.274 |
| EP-CR | 83.1 ± 5.4 | 78.5 ± 5.6 | t = 1.72, p = 0.06, d = 0.836 |
| Mental Rotation (Mean ± Standard Deviation) | |||
| MR-RT | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | t = 0.56, p = 0.48, d = 0.111 |
| MR-CR * | 93.0 ± 3.2 | 86.5 ± 3.9 | t = 4.33, p < 0.01, d = 1.822 |
NS: novelty seeking; HA: harm avoidance; RD: reward dependence; P: persistence; SD: self-directedness; C: cooperativeness; ST: self-transference; ToL: modified Tower of London; EP: Emotional Perception test; MR: Mental Rotation test; RT: reaction time; CR: correction rate; ***: statistically significant (0.013); **: statistically significant (0.017); *: statistically significant (0.025), d: Cohen’s d.