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. 2020 Jul 6;21(13):4782. doi: 10.3390/ijms21134782

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mechanisms of cytokine storm in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In severe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pro-inflammatory cascade is prevalent, with T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 17 (Th17) cytokine upregulation leading to increased vascular permeability and leakage with severe lung damage. In mild SARS-CoV-2, an anti-inflammatory behavior is prevalent, featuring the suppression of Th1 cell differentiation and proliferation with inhibition of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 production.