Fig. 4.

hAFSCs induced a macrophage phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 in a cell-cell contact-independent and dependent manner at the transcriptional level. a The schema of the culture methods. hAFSCs and peritoneal macrophages were co-cultured in the presence of LPS (right schema). Transwell inserts were used in wells to prevent cell-cell contact between hAFSCs with macrophages (left schema). b TNF-α in the supernatant in each well 4 h after LPS exposure was measured by ELISA (n = 8) (upper left row). mRNA expression of TNF-α was investigated by RT-qPCR (n = 8) (lower left row). IL-10 in the supernatant of each well 4 h after LPS exposure was measured (n = 8) (upper right row). mRNA expression of IL-10 was investigated by RT-qPCR (n = 8) (lower right row). Results are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05