Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Non-HSD (n = 178) | HSD (n = 22) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 57.1 ± 13.3 | 50.3 ± 13.5 | 0.026 |
| Women, n (%) | 87 (49.4%) | 19 (86.4%) | 0.001 |
| Body mass index (mean ± SD) | 26.7 ± 4.3 | 27.0 ± 4.7 | 0.746 |
| Irritable bowel syndrome, n (%) | 46 (25.8%) | 10 (45.5%) | 0.056 |
| Functional dyspepsia, n (%) | 25 (14.0%) | 11 (50.0%) | <0.001 |
| Macroscopic inflammation, n (%) | 20 (11.2%) | 1 (4.5%) | 0.331 |
| Diverticulosis, (%) | 70 (39.3%) | 8 (36.4%) | 0.773 |
|
Presence of one or
more polyps, n (%) |
73 (41.0%) | 6 (27.3%) | 0.207 |
| Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (mean ± SD) | 8.0 ± 1.2 | 7.9 ± 1.6 | 0.855 |
| High-dose midazolam, n (%) | 43 (24.2%) | 12 (54.5%) | 0.003 |
| High-dose opiate,*n (%) | 116 (65.1%) | 18 (81.8%) | 0.117 |
| Level of sedation, $ n (%) | Awake: 39 (45.3%) Drowsy: 36 (41.9%) Sleeping, responsive to speech: 11 (12.8%) |
Awake: 5 (71.4%) Drowsy: 1 (14.3%) Sleeping, responsive to speech: 1 (14.3%) |
n.a. |
| Adverse events | |||
| Mild desaturation, n (%) | 18 (10.1%) | 3 (13.6%) | 0.618 |
| Vasovagal episode, n (%) | 8 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.309 |
| Previous uncomplicated abdominal surgery, n (%) | 35 (19.7%) | 7 (31.8%) | 0.187 |
| First-time colonoscopy, n (%) | 93 (52.2%) | 11 (50%) | 0.842 |
| Indication for colonoscopy | 0.494 | ||
| Adenoma follow up | 33 (18.5%) | 3 (13.6%) | |
| Abdominal pain/discomfort | 55 (30.9%) | 9 (40.9%) | |
| Altered stool pattern | 41 (23.0%) | 7 (31.8%) | |
| Rectal blood loss | 42 (23.6%) | 2 (9.1%) | |
| Familial colon cancer | 7 (3.9%) | 1 (4.5%) | |
*
Either high dose of fentanyl (50 µg) or high dose of pethidine (50 mg).
$
Incomplete data; level of sedation was not registered for all patients. p values not calculated.
Significance level corrected for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni): p < 0.0033.
HSD, hypermobility spectrum disorder; n.a., not applicable; SD, standard deviation.