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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020 May;6(5):467–483. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.02.014

FIGURE 2. Effect of Chronic Low-Level Tragus Stimulation on P- Wave Alternans (A) and AF Burden (B).

FIGURE 2

(A) Representative example depicting P-wave alternans (PWA) voltage and Kscore for a single sham and active patient during control (no stimulation) and low-level tragus stimulation (LLTS). Delta values were calculated as difference in mean parameter values at baseline and 3 or 6 months. Reduction in both PWA voltage and Kscore attributed to an acute effect of LLTS is seen in the active patient compared with sham at both 3 and 6 months. (B) Representative example depicting atrial fibrillation (AF) and PWA burden for a single sham and active patient at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. AF and PWA burden for the sham patient increases with time, whereas active LLTS over 6 months inhibited escalation of both AF and PWA burden.