Table 1.
Descriptive Data on Demographics, COVID-19 and Lockdown Context Variables, and Correlations with Mental Health Outcomes (N = 1035).
|
Variable |
% (n) | M (SD) | Range | COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress |
Anxiety |
Depression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | r | r | ||||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age years | 37.51 (12.32) | 18.70–73.34 | -.06* | -.19** | -.18** | |
| Gender: female | 79.1 (819) | -.20** | -.20** | −18** | ||
| Low Educationa | 31.3 (323) | .08 | .03 | -.02 | ||
| Low SESb | 10.4 (108) | .06* | .05 | .09** | ||
| Currently unemployedc | 6.7 (69) | .05 | .05 | .11** | ||
| Retiredc | 3.5 (36) | -.06 | -.11** | -.15** | ||
| Italian nationalityc | 98.4 (1018) | -.04 | -.02 | .00 | ||
| COVID-19 and Lockdown Context Variables | ||||||
| Days in lockdown | 39.29 (11.26) | 0–100 | .07* | .08* | .08** | |
| Number of cohabitants during lockdown | 2.62 (1.22) | 1–6 | .07* | .08** | .05 | |
| Living in a Northern region during lockdownc | 61.1 (632) | -.07* | -.08* | -.08* | ||
| COVID-19 infectedc | 17.1 (177) | .06* | .07* | .09** | ||
| Severity of COVID-19 symptomsd | 1.8 (.92) | 1–5 | .10 | .13 | .09 | |
| Family member infectedc | 7.6 (79) | .09** | .09** | .07* | ||
| Family member hospitalizedc | 2.9 (30) | -.04 | -.05 | -.04 | ||
| Family member deceasedc | 2.0 (21) | -.01 | -.02 | .01 | ||
| Insufficient home personal spaced | 2.32 (1.00) | 1–5 | .13* | .11** | .08* | |
| Increase in violence at homed | 1.27 (.60) | 1–5 | .28** | .29** | .22** | |
| Increase in unhealthy lifestyle behavioursd | 1.64 (.34) | 1–3.43 | .44** | .41** | .47** | |
| Direct contact with COVID-19 patients at workc | 4.3 (45) | .08** | .11** | .07* | ||
| Lost work or receiving redundancy fundc | 10.9 (113) | .08* | .07* | .09** | ||
| Single during lockdownc | 54.6 (565) | .07* | .10** | .18** | ||
| Mental health problems during lockdownc | 9.4 (97) | .27** | .28** | .29** | ||
| Psychological or psychopharmacological treatmentsc | 13.8 (143) | .16** | .18** | .18** | ||
| Physical health problems during lockdownc | 13.7 (142) | -.08** | -.05 | -.03 | ||
Notes. a 1 = high school or below, 0 = bachelor's degree or above; b 1 = SES below the average, 0 = medium or above the average SES. c 1 = yes, 0 = no; d Rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1(not at all), 5 (very much). r = Person's correlation for continuous variables and Spearman's correlations for categorical variables. ∗ p < .05, ∗∗ p < .01.