Table 2.
Category |
Metabolic pathway |
Cpar |
Chom |
Cmel |
Cchi |
Cubi |
Cbov |
Crya |
Cbai |
Cand |
Pfal |
Tgon |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbohydrate and energy metabolism |
Glycolysis |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Methylcitrate cycle |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
TCA cycle |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Pentose phosphate pathway |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Shikimate biosynthesis |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Folate biosynthesis |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of pterin |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Galactose metabolism |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Synthesis of starch |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
|
Synthesis of trehalose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
|
Synthesis of 1,3-beta-glucan |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Conversion between UDP-Glc and UDP-Gal |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
|
Conversion between GDP-Man and GDP-Fuc |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Conversion from UDP-Glc to UDP-GlcA to UDP-Xyl |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
|
Synthesis of mannitol from fructose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
|
Fatty acid biosynthesis in cytosol (FAS I) |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
|
Fatty acid biosynthesis in apicoplast (FAS II) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Fatty acid degradation |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Oxidative phosphorylation (NADH dehydrogenase) |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Oxidative phosphorylation (Complex II) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Oxidative phosphorylation (Complex III) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
one sub |
+ |
+ |
|
Oxidative phosphorylation (Complex IV) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
F-ATPase |
two sub |
two sub |
two sub |
two sub |
two sub |
− |
− |
two sub |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Alternative oxidase (AOX) |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
|
Glyoxalase metabolism producing d-lactate |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of isoprene (MEP/DOXP) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of farnesyl/polyprenyl diphosphate |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Nucleotide metabolism |
Synthesis of purine rings de novo |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
Conversion from IMP to XMP |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Conversion from XMP to GMP |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of pyrimidine de novo |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Conversion from uracil to UMP |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Conversion from dCMP to dUMP |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Amino acid metabolism |
Synthesis of alanine from pyruvate |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
Synthesis of glutamate from nitrite/nitrate |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Conversion from glutamate to glutamine |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of aspartate from oxaloacetate and glutamate |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Conversion from aspartate to asparagine |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Conversion from glutamate to proline |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
|
Synthesis of serine from glycerate/glycerol phosphate |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Conversion from serine to cysteine |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Conversion from serine to glycine |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Recycle homocysteine into methionine |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of lysine from aspartate |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Synthesis of threonine from aspartate |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Synthesis of ornithine from arginine |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
|
Synthesis of ornithine from proline |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of polyamine from ornithine |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
|
Polyamine pathway backward |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
|
Degradation of branched-chain amino acids |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Synthesis of tryptophan |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
|
Aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAH) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Vitamins and others |
Synthesis of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Synthesis of Fe-S cluster |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of haem |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of thiamine (vitamin B1) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
|
Conversion from thiamine to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of FMN/FAD from riboflavin |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) de novo |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of NAD(P)+ de novo from nicotinate/nicotinamide |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of pantothenate from valine |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
|
Synthesis of CoA from pantothenate |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of lipoic acid de novo in apicoplast |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
|
Salvage of lipoic acid in mitochondria |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Synthesis of porphyrin/cytochrome proteins |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
Plus symbols denote that these metabolic pathways were identified in this apicomplexan parasite, whereas minus symbols denote that these metabolic pathways were absent. Abbreviations: Cryptosporidium parvum (Cpar); C. hominis (Chom); C. meleagridis (Cmel); Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I (Cchi); C. ubiquitum (Cubi); C. bovis (Cbov); C. ryanae (Crya); C. baileyi (Cbai); C. andersoni (Cand); Plasmodium falciparum (Pfal); Toxoplasma gondii (Tgon).
Sub, abbreviation of subunit. One sub means only one subunit of the protein was detected in the species.