Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population (n=400)
| MC (n=179) |
MVrepair (n=185) |
I° MVR (n=36) |
P value | |
| Clinical findings | ||||
| Age (years) | 80.3 (8.1) | 65.8 (11.6) | 70.4 (11.1) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 105 (58.7) | 127 (68.6) | 13 (36.1) | 0.001 |
| EuroScore II, (%) | 6.6 (5.6) | 1.7 (1.5) | 3.6 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| STS score mortality, (%) | 4.6 (4.0) | 1.0 (1.0) | 3.2 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/cm2) | 24.6 (4.5) | 24.7 (3.4) | 25.7 (4.6) | 0.354 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 122.4 (22.5) | 133.2 (17.5) | 130.4 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 77.8 (17.5) | 73.2 (15.7) | 75.8 (15.4) | 0.040 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 62 (36.9) | 31 (17.1) | 9 (26.5) | <0.001 |
| NYHA ≥III, n (%) | 160 (92.0) | 45 (27.6) | 14 (45.2) | <0.001 |
| Labaratory findings | ||||
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 125.4 (18.9) | 138.8 (13.5) | 130.7 (16.2) | <0.001 |
| GFR (mL/min) | 49.9 (19.4) | 77.7 (14.3) | 70.6 (20.9) | <0.001 |
| NTproBNP (pg/mL) | 10‘998.6 (30‘986.7) | 677.1 (1’024.1) | 2‘203.8 (2‘265.8) | 0.014 |
| History of | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 139 (77.7) | 78 (42.2) | 17 (47.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 23 (12.8) | 2 (1.1) | 3 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 96 (53.6) | 40 (21.6) | 11 (30.6) | <0.001 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%) | 68 (38.0) | 15 (8.1) | 2 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Coronary bypass graft surgery, n (%) | 28 (15.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Prior mitral valve intervention, n (%) | 8 (4.5) | 2 (1.1) | 5 (13.9) | 0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 16 (8.9) | 9 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.074 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 25 (14.0) | 4 (2.2) | 1 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| Mitral regurgitation | ||||
| ≥Moderate mitral regurgitation, n (%) | 179 (100.0) | 185 (100.0) | 34 (94.4) | <0.001 |
| Severe mitral regurgitation, n (%) | 165 (92.2) | 170 (91.9) | 31 (86.1) | 0.478 |
| Aetiology of mitral regurgitation | ||||
| Primary, n (%) | 102 (57.0) | 175 (94.6) | 30 (83.3) | <0.001 |
| Secondary, n (%) | 64 (35.7) | 9 (4.9) | 4 (11.1) | <0.001 |
| Combination, n (%) | 13 (7.3) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (5.6) | 0.004 |
| Further echocardiographic findings | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 50.7 (16.4) | 62.6 (7.4) | 59.5 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| LVEDVi (mL/m2) | 82.4 (39.2) | 75.0 (21.4) | 73.7 (23.4) | 0.070 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 71.4 (29.0) | 64.5 (30.3) | 65.9 (19.0) | 0.101 |
| RV function reduced, n (%) | 66 (39.3) | 11 (6.4) | 4 (12.5) | <0.001 |
| RV/RA pressure gradient | 38.9 (13.5) | 29.0 (12.7) | 32.6 (11.3) | <0.001 |
| ≥Moderate tricuspid regurgitation, n (%) | 53 (31.0) | 28 (15.7) | 7 (20.0) | 0.003 |
| ≥Moderate aortic stenosis, n (%) | 6 (3.6) | 2 (1.1) | 3 (9.1) | 0.036 |
| ≥Moderate aortic regurgitation, n (%) | 14 (8.2) | 9 (5.0) | 5 (15.2) | 0.105 |
GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEDVi, left ventricular end diastolic volume index; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; MC, Mitraclip; MV, mitral valve; MVR, surgical MV replacement; MVrepair, surgical mitral valve repair; NTproBNP, N-terminated pro-brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricular; RV/RA, right ventricular/right atrial; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.