Table 1.

Summary of Findings on Workplace Approaches to Promoting Resilience and Preventing Psychological Health Problems

Intervention	Purpose	Certainty of Positive Net Impact Based on Available Evidence
EAPs	Strategic guidance, support, and consultation offered internally to an organization or through an external provider to assist with personal or family issues	Moderate
Short-term counseling	Brief, solution-focused counseling to address general conditions of living and issues specific to the individual, such as stress management, adjustment challenges (e.g., reassignment, geographical moves), interpersonal problems, financial or employment issues, and grief and loss	Low-moderate
Self-care	Activities to nurture the self and promote well-being, such as meditation, mindfulness practice, moderate exercise, journaling, taking deliberate breaks from work or home tasks, participating in meaningful activities, or limiting unnecessary exposure to trauma	Low
Resilience training	Intervention before a problem appears, including educational programming or training on risk, strategies to manage stress and other risk factors, and recognizing warning signs of a developing problem	Low overall but moderate for commercial training programs for civilian populations
Peer support	Peer-based intervention to help individuals respond to stress, including training for peer supporters to connect affected individual with resources or to provide case management support, education, or counseling	Low
Critical incident stress management	Acute crisis response, sometimes including pre-crisis and post-crisis components	Low
Critical incident stress debriefing	Structured, small-group acute crisis debriefing, either formal or informal, within 72 hours of event	Low; contraindicated
Psychological first aid	Response to individual psychological needs resulting from a disaster or traumatic event	Moderate
Stress first aid	Response to individual psychological needs resulting from job-related stress or traumatic events	Low
Mental health first aid	Response to individual needs of a person developing a mental health condition or having a mental health crisis	Moderate