Table 2.
Association between pathogens and intussusception among children <2 years old by country group.
| Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan | Vietnam | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |||||||||
| N=143 | % | N=143 | % | OR1 | 95%CI | N=106 | % | N=106 | % | OR1 | 95%CI | |
| Adenovirus pan | 65 | 46 | 41 | 29 | 3.27 | 1.67- 6.43 | 54 | 51 | 35 | 33 | 2.36 | 1.26- 4.40 |
| <20 Cq-value2 | 18 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 13.62 | 2.77- 67.08 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| 20-24 Cq-value2 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 7.02 | 1.66- 29.69 | 19 | 18 | 2 | 2 | 23.05 | 2.94- 180.99 |
| 25-29 Cq-value2 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3.99 | 1.21- 13.10 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 2.29 | 0.76- 6.87 |
| 30-34 Cq-value2 | 23 | 16 | 24 | 17 | 1.83 | 0.83- 4.01 | 13 | 12 | 23 | 22 | 0.78 | 0.33- 1.86 |
| Type C | 52 | 38 | 39 | 27 | 1.77 | 0.97- 3.20 | 41 | 40 | 44 | 46 | 0.88 | 0.50- 1.56 |
| <20 Cq-value2 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 9.99 | 1.20- 83.11 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 2 | - | - |
| 20-24 Cq-value2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 7 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 5.15 | 0.61-43.41 |
| 25-29 Cq-value2 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 1.71 | 0.51- 5.66 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 13 | 0.22 | 0.05-1.04 |
| 30-34 Cq-value2 | 31 | 22 | 29 | 21 | 1.40 | 0.70- 2.79 | 19 | 18 | 28 | 29 | 0.53 | 0.25- 1.15 |
| Non-Type C | 24 | 17 | 22 | 15 | 1.17 | 0.62- 2.19 | 19 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 8.50 | 1.96- 36.79 |
| Type F3 | 5 | 23 | 3 | 14 | 2.00 | 0.37- 10.92 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2.00 | 0.18- 22.06 |
| Ascaris | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Astrovirus | 10 | 7 | 13 | 9 | 0.80 | 0.32- 2.03 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0.33 | 0.04- 3.21 |
| C. difficile | 6 | 4 | 19 | 13 | 0.38 | 0.15- 0.96 | 30 | 28 | 23 | 22 | 1.50 | 0.76- 2.95 |
| Campylobacter pan | 9 | 6 | 20 | 14 | 0.38 | 0.15- 0.96 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 1.33 | 0.46- 3.84 |
| C. jejuni/C. coli | 4 | 3 | 15 | 10 | 0.23 | 0.07- 0.81 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 0.80 | 0.22- 2.98 |
| Cytomegalovirus | 27 | 19 | 25 | 17 | 1.16 | 0.63- 2.14 | 14 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 0.79 | 0.36- 1.73 |
| Cryptosporidium | 10 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 1.17 | 0.39- 3.47 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.00 | 0.06- 15.99 |
| Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) | 78 | 55 | 71 | 50 | 1.33 | 0.79- 2.26 | 23 | 22 | 23 | 22 | 1.00 | 0.51- 1.96 |
| Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) | 7 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1.40 | 0.44- 4.41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) | 21 | 15 | 20 | 14 | 1.29 | 0.64- 2.59 | 16 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 0.93 | 0.45- 1.93 |
| Typical enteropathogenic E. coli (tEPEC) | 8 | 6 | 16 | 11 | 0.53 | 0.23- 1.26 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 0.50 | 0.13- 2.00 |
| Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) | 15 | 11 | 16 | 11 | 0.92 | 0.40- 2.08 | 14 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 2.20 | 0.76- 6.33 |
| E. coli O157 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Epstien Barr virus | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | - | - |
| Enterovirus | 56 | 39 | 52 | 36 | 1.15 | 0.69- 1.92 | 30 | 29 | 33 | 32 | 0.81 | 0.43- 1.53 |
| Giardia | 7 | 5 | 12 | 8 | 0.55 | 0.20- 1.48 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| H. pylori | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Human herpesvirus 6 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3.67 | 1.02- 13.14 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3.00 | 0.32- 28.84 |
| Human herpesvirus 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Norovirus group I | 5 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 0.63 | 0.20- 1.91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Norovirus group II | 12 | 8 | 15 | 11 | 0.79 | 0.36- 1.73 | 7 | 7 | 21 | 20 | 0.30 | 0.12- 0.75 |
| Rotarix specific NSP2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Rotavirus | 13 | 9 | 15 | 11 | 0.85 | 0.38- 1.89 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4.00 | 0.45-35.79 |
| Salmonella | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 0.17 | 0.02- 1.38 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1.00 | 0.20- 4.96 |
| Sapovirus | 11 | 8 | 18 | 13 | 0.56 | 0.25- 1.27 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 0.80 | 0.22- 2.98 |
| Trichuris | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Y. enterocolitica | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3.50 | 0.73- 16.85 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
1
Odds ratio
2
Quantification cycle
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