Table 1:
Baseline Characteristics and Complications by Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and age group (N = 84 931)
| Age <65 (N = 40,304) | Age ≥65 (N = 44,627) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Low ADI | Middle | High ADI | p a | Low ADI | Middle | High ADI | pa |
| N = 14 681 | N = 18 741 | N = 6882 | N = 17 452 | N = 21 001 | N = 6174 | |||
| Patient Characteristics: | ||||||||
| Sex: Female | 6808 (46.4) | 8867 (47.3) | 3295 (47.9) | 10 568 (60.6) | 12 928 (61.6) | 3981 (64.5) | *** | |
| Race: | *** | *** | ||||||
| White | 14 126 (96.2) | 17 341 (92.5) | 4917 (71.4) | 17 082 (97.9) | 20 290 (96.6) | 5223 (84.6) | ||
| African American | 555 (3.78) | 1400 (7.47) | 1965 (28.6) | 370 (2.12) | 711 (3.39) | 951 (15.4) | ||
| Discharge Destination: | *** | *** | ||||||
| Home or HH | 13 230 (90.1) | 16 308 (87.0) | 5340 (77.6) | 11 253 (64.5) | 12 886 (61.4) | 3446 (55.8) | ||
| Institution | 1451 (9.88) | 2433 (13.0) | 1542 (22.4) | 6199 (35.5) | 8115 (38.6) | 2728 (44.2) | ||
| Primary Insurance: | *** | *** | ||||||
| Other | 130 (0.89) | 193 (1.03) | 43 (0.62) | 96 (0.55) | 109 (0.52) | 20 (0.32) | ||
| Medicare | 1057 (7.20) | 2332 (12.4) | 1278 (18.6) | 15 026 (86.1) | 18 643 (88.8) | 5550 (89.9) | ||
| Medicaid | 698 (4.75) | 1696 (9.05) | 1463 (21.3) | 18 (0.10) | 38 (0.18) | 37 (0.60) | ||
| Commercial | 12 638 (86.1) | 14 299 (76.3) | 4036 (58.6) | 2292 (13.1) | 2168 (10.3) | 552 (8.94) | ||
| Government | 158 (1.08) | 221 (1.18) | 62 (0.90) | 20 (0.11) | 43 (0.20) | 15 (0.24) | ||
| Elixhauser Index b: | *** | *** | ||||||
| 0 | 2820 (19.2) | 3295 (17.6) | 1109 (16.1) | 3172 (18.2) | 3428 (16.3) | 1029 (16.7) | ||
| 1-4 | 10 914 (74.3) | 14 247 (76.0) | 5346 (77.7) | 13 230 (75.8) | 16 224 (77.3) | 4757 (77.0) | ||
| ≥ 5 | 947 (6.45) | 1199 (6.40) | 427 (6.20) | 1050 (6.02) | 1349 (6.42) | 388 (6.28) | ||
| Facility Characteristics: | *** | *** | ||||||
| Metro area: Metro | 14 662 (99.9) | 17 469 (93.2) | 6004 (87.2) | 17 424 (99.8) | 19 253 (91.7) | 5125 (83.0) | ||
| Volume of cases (by facility): | *** | *** | ||||||
| <100/year | 1735 (11.8) | 3113 (16.6) | 1460 (21.2) | 2122 (12.2) | 3954 (18.8) | 1356 (22.0) | ||
| 100 - 199/year | 3570 (24.3) | 4372 (23.3) | 1832 (26.6) | 4865 (27.9) | 5199 (24.8) | 1888 (30.6) | ||
| ≥200/year | 9376 (63.9) | 11 256 (60.1) | 3590 (52.2) | 10 465 (60.0) | 11 848 (56.4) | 2930 (47.5) | ||
| Complications: | ||||||||
| 90-day readmission | 1038 (7.07) | 1641 (8.76) | 743 (10.8) | 1922 (11.0) | 2443 (11.6) | 821 (13.3) | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 7 (0.05) | 9 (0.05) | 4 (0.06) | 40 (0.23) | 62 (0.30) | 18 (0.29) | ||
| Prosthetic device complication | 22 (0.15) | 28 (0.15) | 18 (0.26) | 36 (0.21) | 42 (0.20) | 16 (0.26) | ||
| Surgical wound infection | 7 (0.05) | 9 (0.05) | 2 (0.03) | 9 (0.05) | 3 (0.01) | 1 (0.02) | ||
| Venous thromboembolism | 6 (0.04) | 3 (0.02) | 3 (0.04) | 22 (0.13) | 29 (0.14) | 11 (0.18) | ||
Data are presented as n (%). HH – Home with home health care
a
Variables are compared by ADI for each age group (years < 65, ≥ 65) using Pearson χ2 test or fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. Significance levels:
*
= p<0.05
**
= p<0.01
***
= p<0.001
b
Clinical comorbidities were identified based on coding algorithms developed by Quan and colleagues (enhanced Elixhauser version), using either ICD-9-CM or ICD-10 codes, as appropriate. The Elixhauser co-morbidity index score is calculated based on the cumulative number of comorbidity conditions