Table 1.
Characteristics of inpatients with a substance use disorder who did and did not receive an addiction consult used to calculate the propensity of receiving an addiction consult (July 2015 – July 2016), including unweighted and weighted standardized differences
| Unweighted sample (and N)* | Weighted samplea* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Measure, %(N) | Consult N= 436 |
No Consult N= 3469 |
Standardized Differenceb |
Consult N= 436 |
No Consult N= 3469 |
Standardized Differenceb |
|
| Basic demographics | ||||||||
| Age | Mean (Std Dev) Median (25th, 75th) |
43.0 (12.2) 43.0 (32, 53) |
49.6 (14.6) 51.0 (39, 59) |
0.49 | 47.2 (30.0) 49.0 (38, 56) |
48.9 (15.4) 50.0 (38, 59) |
0.07 | |
| Sex | Male | 68.3% (298) | 70.7% (2451) | 0.05 | 67.5% | 70.9% | 0.07 | |
| Female | 31.7% (138) | 29.3% (1018) | 0.05 | 32.5% | 29.1% | 0.07 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | White | 51.4% (224) | 40.1% (1391) | 0.23 | 46.7% | 41.8% | 0.10 | |
| African American | 26.1% (114) | 38.9% (1351) | 0.28 | 32.3% | 37.4% | 0.11 | ||
| Latino | 19.3% (84) | 16.6% (577) | 0.07 | 17.7% | 16.7% | 0.03 | ||
| Other | 2.8% (12) | 3.6% (126) | 0.05 | 3.0% | 3.5% | 0.03 | ||
| Asian | 0.5% (2) | 0.7% (24) | 0.03 | 0.2% | 0.7% | 0.06 | ||
| Insurance status | Medicaid | 73.2% (319) | 55.6% (1928) | 0.37 | 64.6% | 57.3% | 0.15 | |
| Medicare | 16.3% (71) | 24.9% (863) | 0.21 | 18.7% | 24.0% | 0.13 | ||
| Private | 8.7% (38) | 15.9% (551) | 0.22 | 12.8% | 15.3% | 0.07 | ||
| Uninsured | 1.8% (8) | 3.7% (127) | 0.11 | 3.9% | 3.4% | 0.02 | ||
| Homeless | 38.1% (166) | 22.3% (772) | 0.35 | 29.7% | 24.0% | 0.13 | ||
| Admission characteristics | ||||||||
| Admitting Service | General and Family Medicine | 61.7% (269) | 45.2% (1567) | 0.34 | 58.6% | 46.2% | 0.25 | |
| Medical Subspecialties | 11.2% (49) | 10.7% (372) | 0.02 | 10.5% | 10.9% | 0.01 | ||
| General Surgery and Surgical Subspecialties | 8.9% (39) | 22.2% (771) | 0.37 | 14.0% | 20.8% | 0.18 | ||
| Intensive Care Unit | 16.7% (73) | 9.9% (342) | 0.20 | 14.5% | 11.2% | 0.10 | ||
| Otherc | 1.4% (6) | 12.0% (417) | 0.44 | 2.4% | 10.9% | 0.35 | ||
| Length of stay | Mean (Std Dev) Median (25th, 75th) |
5.9 (6.9) 3.6 (2, 7) |
4.1 (7.4) 2. (1, 4) |
0.25 | 5.3 (13.2) 3.5 (2, 7) |
4.5 (9.3) 2.2 (1, 5) |
0.07 | |
| ICU stay during admissiond | 25.9% (113) | 19.6% (681) | 0.15 | 24.6% | 20.9% | 0.09 | ||
| Psychiatry consulted during admission | 22.7% (99) | 11.8% (408) | 0.29 | 16.5% | 13.7% | 0.08 | ||
| Discharged against medical advice | 11.5% (50) | 8.5% (295) | 0.10 | 11.5% | 8.9% | 0.09 | ||
| Medical and substance use characteristics | ||||||||
| HIV Positive | 19.3% (84) | 6.5% (226) | 0.39 | 17.1% | 7.6% | 0.29 | ||
| Type of substance use disordere | Non-Opioid | 21.8% (95) | 71.8% (2492) | 1.16 | 48.8% | 66.9% | 0.37 | |
| Opioid Only | 24.3% (106) | 16.0% (555) | 0.21 | 24.7% | 16.6% | 0.20 | ||
| Opioid and Other Use Disorder | 53.9% (235) | 12.2% (422) | 0.99 | 26.6% | 16.5% | 0.25 | ||
| Number of substance use disorder diagnoses |
Mean (Std Dev) Median (25th, 75th) |
1.9 (1.0) 2.0 (1, 2) |
1.3 (0.6) 1.0 (1, 1) |
0.78 | 1.5 (2.0) 1.0 (1, 2) |
1.4 (0.7) 1.0 (1, 2) |
0.11 | |
| Naloxone administered | 3.2% (14) | 1.5% (51) | 0.12 | 3.2% | 1.7% | 0.09 | ||
| Overdose diagnosis | 10.8% (47) | 7.1% 9247) | 0.13 | 6.6% | 8.0% | 0.05 | ||
| Acute complicationsg | 57.1% (249) | 35.3% (1224) | 0.45 | 43.6% | 37.9% | 0.11 | ||
| COWS orderede | 33.0% (144) | 2.9% (102) | 0.85 | 9.8% | 5.8% | 0.15 | ||
| Outpatient methadone | 3.0% (13) | 2.2% (78) | 0.05 | 3.5% | 2.4% | 0.07 | ||
| Outpatient buprenorphine | 6.2% (27) | 2.6% (90) | 0.18 | 4.5% | 3.2% | 0.07 | ||
| Methadone ordered during admissione | 49.3% (215) | 8.6% (300) | 1.00 | 17.9% | 12.8% | 0.14 | ||
| Buprenorphine ordered during admissione | 11.5% (50) | 4.3% (150) | 0.27 | 6.1% | 5.4% | 0.03 | ||
| Benzodiazepines/barbiturates ordered during admission | 48.4% (211) | 35.9% (1244) | 0.26 | 50.8% | 37.6% | 0.27 | ||
Legend
All analyses performed reflect patient-level analyses
weights are truncated at 99th percentile due to large weights
The standardized difference was calculated as the difference in means (or proportions) divided by the pooled standard deviation
Other services include Neurology, Gynecology, Pediatrics, Unknown
Patient stayed at least one day in the Intensive Care Unit during admission
Denotes variables removed from propensity score for secondary analysis of effect modification
Acute complications include: cellulitis/abscess, osteomyelitis, tenosynovitis, endocarditis, acute and chronic pancreatitis, delirium tremens, acute and chronic pancreatitis, seizures and Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale ordered during admission