Table 2.

Overview of Studies Included in the Economic Burden SLR

Study	Study Type	Parameters Investigated	Objective	Diagnostic Criteria for CIC/FC	Data Source(s)	Study Duration	Number of Patients with CIC/FC
Herrick et al, 201718	Population-based retrospective study	HCRU Direct costs	To describe HCRU and compare medical costs for patients with CIC and matched controls	Survey based on modified Rome II questions	EMR Patient survey Health insurance fee schedule	2 years and 10 years	365
Heidelbaugh et al, 201519	Population-based cross-sectional survey	HCRU Direct costs	To characterize symptom and disease burden in patients with CIC with or without abdominal symptoms	Rome III	Patient survey	1 year	552
Van Tilburg et al, 200820	Prospective survey	HCRU Indirect costs	To determine the prevalence, types, and costs of CAM in patients with CIC	Not specified; diagnosed by healthcare provider	EMR Patient survey Administrative claims at HMO	6 months	159

Abbreviations: CAM, complementary and alternative medicine; CIC, chronic idiopathic constipation; EMR, electronic medical records; FC, functional constipation; HCRU, healthcare resource utilization; HMO, health maintenance organization; SLR, systematic literature review.