Table 1. Comparison of Baseline Clinical Risk Factors and CT Findings and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events.
| Variables | Total (n = 1418) | Event (n = 108) | Non-Event (n = 1310) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical risk factors | ||||
| Age (years) | 68.0 ± 12.2 | 72.4 ± 10.8 | 67.6 ± 12.2 | < 0.001* |
| Male sex | 875 (61.7) | 82 (75.9) | 793 (60.5) | 0.001* |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 3.4 | 24.0 ± 3.3 | 23.3 ± 3.8 | 0.054 |
| Hypertension | 810 (57.1) | 73 (67.6) | 737 (56.3) | 0.033* |
| Diabetes | 345 (24.3) | 37 (34.3) | 308 (23.5) | 0.020* |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 317 (22.4) | 26 (24.1) | 291 (22.2) | 0.720 |
| Current smoker | 354 (25.0) | 35 (32.4) | 319 (24.4) | 0.084 |
| Family history of stroke | 237 (16.7) | 20 (18.5) | 217 (16.6) | 0.688 |
| Family history of premature CHD | 80 (5.6) | 15 (13.9) | 65 (5.0) | 0.001* |
| Atrial fibrillation | 149 (10.5) | 17 (15.7) | 132 (10.1) | 0.075 |
| Symptomatic carotid artery disease | 166 (11.7) | 21 (19.4) | 145 (11.1) | 0.019* |
| Initial NHSS | 4.6 ± 5.5 | 6.7 ± 7.0 | 4.4 ± 5.4 | 0.002* |
| Total cholesterol | 127.4 ± 79.0 | 128.3 ± 79.7 | 116.9 ± 69.2 | 0.157 |
| HDL-cholesterol | 45.2 ± 10.9 | 44.6 ± 11.4 | 45.2 ± 10.9 | 0.592 |
| LDL-cholesterol | 101.2 ± 32.0 | 101.6 ± 32.1 | 96.1 ± 29.8 | 0.096 |
| FRS | 14.2 ± 9.1 | 18.7 ± 7.7 | 13.8 ± 9.1 | < 0.001* |
| Low | 492 (34.7) | 12 (11.1) | 480 (36.6) | < 0.001* |
| Intermediate | 587 (41.4) | 58 (53.7) | 529 (40.4) | 0.008* |
| High | 339 (23.9) | 38 (35.2) | 301 (23.0) | 0.007* |
| Medication | ||||
| Statin | 345 (24.3) | 34 (31.5) | 311 (23.7) | 0.103 |
| ACE-inhibitor or ARB | 775 (54.7) | 68 (63.0) | 707 (54.0) | 0.107 |
| β-blocker | 192 (13.5) | 21 (19.4) | 171 (13.1) | 0.080 |
| Aspirin | 798 (56.3) | 71 (65.7) | 727 (55.5) | 0.055 |
| CACS | ||||
| Total score | 243.4 ± 546.0 | 614.6 ± 912.1 | 212.5 ± 491.6 | < 0.001* |
| 0 | 487 (34.3) | 10 (9.3) | 477 (36.4) | < 0.001* |
| 0.1–100 | 421 (29.7) | 30 (27.8) | 391 (29.8) | 0.742 |
| 100.1–400 | 269 (19.0) | 25 (23.1) | 244 (18.6) | 0.253 |
| > 400 | 241 (17.0) | 43 (39.8) | 198 (15.1) | < 0.001* |
| CCTA | ||||
| Stenosis degree | ||||
| None | 416 (29.3) | 1 (0.9) | 415 (31.7) | < 0.001* |
| 1–49% | 574 (40.5) | 24 (22.2) | 550 (42.0) | < 0.001* |
| 50–69% | 227 (16.0) | 29 (26.9) | 198 (15.1) | 0.003* |
| ≥ 70% | 201 (14.2) | 54 (50.0) | 147 (11.2) | < 0.001* |
| Plaque type | ||||
| Calcified plaque | 358 (25.2) | 18 (16.7) | 340 (26.0) | 0.805 |
| Mixed plaque | 323 (22.8) | 30 (27.8) | 293 (22.4) | 0.232 |
| Non-calcified plaque | 237 (16.7) | 35 (32.4) | 202 (15.4) | < 0.001* |
| High-risk plaque | 84 (5.9) | 24 (22.2) | 60 (4.6) | < 0.001* |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). *p < 0.05. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker, CACS = coronary artery calcium score, CCTA = coronary computed tomography angiography, CHD = coronary heart disease, FRS = Framingham risk score, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low density lipoprotein, NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale