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. 2020 Jul 20;10:11995. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68492-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Structure of known NulOs. The common, nine-carbon backbone of NulOs is represented with white bonds, and the carbons are numbered. The absolute configuration of each isomer is indicated in either gray or green depending on the concerned chiral centers, which are marked by disks of the corresponding color. (a) The three main NulOs families, according to their synthesis pathways, and the newly identified fusaminic acid (Fus). Neuraminic acid (Neu) is represented carrying an N-acetyl group in C5 (Neu5Ac), since it is the most commonly found species. Legionaminic (Leg), pseudaminic (Pse) and Fus carry N-linked groups in C5 and C7, which were omitted for clarity leaving only the nitrogen atom. (b) Isomers from the legionaminic acid synthesis pathway presenting different absolute configurations. As for Leg, N-linked groups carried at the C5 and C7 positions are represented by the nitrogen atom only. The orange background serves to highlight the common synthesis pathway of Leg isomers.

Figure taken from⁸².