Table 3.
Comparison of RAVLT performance in DMD cases with proximal and Distal Mutations and control subjects.
| Cognitive domain and neuropsychological battery | Neuropsychological battery variables | Proximal Mean (SD) |
Distal Mean (SD) |
Control Mean (SD) |
Proximal Mean rank |
Distal Mean rank |
Control Mean rank |
Chi-Square | p-value | p-value (multiple comparisona) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prox. vs distal | Control vs prox | Control vs distal | ||||||||||
|
RAVLT Verbal learning Working memory Short term verbal memory Long term verbal memory |
RAVLT-trial 1 | 6.00 (2.69) | 6.73 (2.48) | 7.48 (1.91) | 60.21 | 70.15 | 85.38 | 6.307 | 0.043 | 0.424 | 0.054 | 0.048 |
| RAVLT-trial 5 | 11.29 (3.17) | 11.38 (3.18) | 12.71 (2.22) | 63.86 | 68.24 | 85.93 | 6.780 | 0.034 | 0.843 | 0.070 | 0.024 | |
| RAVLT-learning capacity | 47.29 (10.62) | 47.82 (13.56) | 52.89 (9.54) | 61.96 | 67.72 | 83.62 | 5.806 | 0.055 | 0.772 | 0.073 | 0.046 | |
| RAVLT-IR | 9.79 (3.02) | 10.15 (3.74) | 11.64 (2.74) | 59.21 | 69.05 | 86.19 | 7.572 | 0.023 | 0.554 | 0.029 | 0.031 | |
| RAVLT-DR | 9.93 (2.92) | 9.81 (3.48) | 11.38 (2.89) | 64.54 | 66.75 | 86.69 | 7.954 | 0.019 | 0.987 | 0.066 | 0.012 | |
| RAVLT-hits | 14.00 (1.47) | 14.19 (1.81) | 14.66 (0.69) | 66.07 | 70.45 | 80.56 | 3.905 | 0.142 | 0.664 | 0.139 | 0.098 | |
| Omission | 1.00 (1.47) | 0.83 (1.81) | 0.33 (0.65) | 86.00 | 81.84 | 71.28 | 4.168 | 0.124 | 0.679 | 0.132 | 0.084 | |
| Commission | 0.29 (0.47) | 1.27 (2.99) | 0.39 (0.95) | 72.93 | 86.07 | 71.05 | 5.812 | 0.055 | 0.230 | 0.807 | 0.018 | |
| LTPR | 97.17 (44.94) | 85.38 (20.57) | 89.55 (18.57) | 79.31 | 64.53 | 83.02 | 5.784 | 0.055 | 0.312 | 0.807 | 0.016 | |
|
RAVLT Serial positioning effect Working memory |
Primacy T1 | 2.50 (1.56) | 2.37 (1.27) | 2.70 (1.18) | 73.93 | 71.82 | 82.25 | 2.020 | 0.364 | 0.904 | 0.522 | 0.166 |
| Middle-T1 | 1.71 (1.59) | 2.21 (1.16) | 2.21 (1.04) | 60.71 | 78.63 | 80.35 | 2.499 | 0.287 | 0.166 | 0.119 | 0.814 | |
| Recency-T1 | 1.64 (0.84) | 2.06 (1.24) | 2.58 (1.12) | 52.32 | 68.30 | 87.71 | 11.854 | 0.003 | 0.297 | 0.003 | 0.012 | |
| Primacy-total | 17.79 (3.40) | 17.17 (5.21) | 19.09 (3.67) | 67.50 | 69.52 | 84.61 | 4.580 | 0.101 | 0.981 | 0.151 | 0.060 | |
| Middle-total | 13.36 (5.72) | 15.25 (4.65) | 16.52 (4.53) | 58.14 | 72.14 | 84.54 | 5.547 | 0.062 | 0.257 | 0.047 | 0.107 | |
| Recency-total | 15.29 (2.84) | 15.46 (4.95) | 17.44 (3.77) | 58.61 | 69.26 | 86.16 | 7.574 | 0.023 | 0.571 | 0.023 | 0.035 | |
|
RAVLT Susceptibility to interferences |
Proactive interference | 0.92 (0.52) | 0.84 (0.36) | 0.88 (0.29) | 73.15 | 71.98 | 79.61 | 1.057 | 0.590 | 0.900 | 0.604 | 0.329 |
| Retroactive interference | 0.96 (0.54) | 0.88 (0.22) | 0.92 (0.16) | 65.46 | 72.54 | 80.43 | 1.979 | 0.372 | 0.578 | 0.256 | 0.298 | |
| Forgetting speed | 1.07 (0.31) | 0.97 (0.18) | 0.98 (0.17) | 84.27 | 70.58 | 77.86 | 1.433 | 0.489 | 0.356 | 0.579 | 0.329 | |
| RAVLT MEI | 1.95 (0.23) | 1.80 (0.44) | 2.02 (0.25) | 70.73 | 63.48 | 84.90 | 7.887 | 0.019 | 0.489 | 0.237 | 0.007 | |
RAVLT Ray Auditory verbal Learning Test, T1 Trial 1, IR immediate recall, DR delayed recall, LTPR long term percent retention, RAVLT-MEI RAVLT memory efficiency index.
aDMD distal (n = 48), DMD Pro-(n = 14), control (n = 87).