. 2020 Jul 3;11:100627. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100627

Table 4.

Paid family/parental leave offer rates, by year (N = 285).

	San Francisco offer rate, weighted % [95% CI]					Non-San Francisco offer rate, weighted % [95% CI]					DD (SF vs. non-SF)
Characteristics	2016, weighted %	2018, weighted %	Adjusted difference [95% CI]		p-value	2016, weighted %	2018, weighted %	Adjusted difference [95% CI]		p-value	Adjusted difference-in-difference	Cluster p-value	R²	N
All firms	0.45	0.79	0.34	[0.26–0.43]	***	0.32	0.47	0.15	[0.09–0.21]	***	0.20	*	0.1	285
Firm size
20–99 employees	0.45	0.74	0.29	[0.17–0.41]	***	0.29	0.43	0.14	[0.07–0.22]	**	0.15	*	0.1	139
100+ employees	0.44	0.84	0.40	[0.28–0.52]	***	0.38	0.54	0.16	[0.06–0.25]	**	0.24	+	0.2	146
Industry
Low-wage¹	0.33	0.67	0.31	[0.15–0.48]	***	0.25	0.46	0.21	[0.09–0.33]	**	0.10	*	0.2	86
Non-low wage	0.49	0.83	0.35	[0.25–0.45]	***	0.36	0.48	0.12	[0.05–0.19]	**	0.23	+	0.2	199
Part time share
>75th percentile	0.52	0.89	0.37	[0.15–0.59]	**	0.27	0.43	0.16	[0.03–0.28]	*	0.22	+	0.2	65
<=75th percentile	0.43	0.77	0.34	[0.25–0.43]	***	0.34	0.49	0.15	[0.07–0.22]	***	0.19	+	0.2	220
Female share
>75th percentile	0.43	0.71	0.30	[0.12–0.48]	**	0.39	0.51	0.13	[-0.01-0.27]	+	0.17	+	0.2	57
<= 75th percentile	0.45	0.81	0.36	[0.26–0.46]	***	0.30	0.46	0.15	[0.09–0.22]	***	0.20	*	0.2	228
Share new (hired in past year)
>75th percentile	0.67	0.87	0.20	[0.04–0.37]	*	0.31	0.47	0.17	[0.03–0.30]	*	0.04		0.3	70
<= 75th percentile	0.38	0.76	0.38	[0.28–0.48]	***	0.33	0.48	0.14	[0.07–0.21]	***	0.24	**	0.1	215
Chain of establishments²
Yes	0.45	0.82	0.37	[0.26–0.48]	***	0.35	0.49	0.13	[0.05–0.21]	**	0.25	*	0.2	172
No	0.43	0.73	0.29	[0.15–0.44]	***	0.29	0.46	0.17	[0.07–0.26]	**	0.12		0.1	113

+p<0.1; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Source: Bay Area Parental Leave Survey of 2018 Employers.

Note. SF=San Francisco; CI = confidence interval; DD = difference-in-difference. ¹Low-wage industries include accommodation and food services and selected retail; ²Chain defined as having >1 establishment per firm. Coefficients, confidence intervals, and p-values from weighted linear probability models using robust standard errors for within county comparisons and wild cluster bootstrapping to calculate DD p-values. Adjusted difference models control for employer characteristics (employer size, industry, part-time share, female share, share newly hired, and whether the establishment was part of a chain).